Spatiotemporal shaping of ultrashort pulses is pivotal for various technologies, such as burst laser ablation and ultrafast imaging. However, the difficulty of pulse stretching to subnanosecond intervals and independent control of the spatial profile for each pulse limit their advancement. We present a pulse manipulation technique for producing spectrally separated GHz burst pulses from a single ultrashort pulse, where each pulse is spatially shapable. We demonstrated the production of pulse trains at intervals of 0.1 to 3 ns in the 800- and 400-nm wavelength bands and applied them to ultrafast single-shot transmission spectroscopic imaging (4 Gfps) of laser ablation dynamics with two-color sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography. Furthermore, we demonstrated the production of pulse trains containing a shifted or dual-peak pulse as examples of individual spatial shaping of GHz burst pulses. Our proposed technique brings unprecedented spatiotemporal manipulation of GHz burst pulses, which can be useful for a wide range of laser applications.

An optical probing of laser–plasma interactions can provide time-resolved measurements of plasma density; however, single-shot and multi-frame probing capabilities generally rely on complex setups with limited flexibility. We have demonstrated a new method for temporal resolution of the rapid dynamics ( $\sim 170$ fs) of plasma evolution within a single laser shot based on the generation of several consecutive probe pulses from a single beta barium borate-based optical parametric amplifier using a fraction of the driver pulse with the possibility to adjust the central wavelengths and delays of particular pulses by optical delay lines. The flexibility and scalability of the proposed experimental technique are presented and discussed.

现有极高速成像系统存在元件复杂、系统庞大以及视场受限的问题。基于螳螂虾小眼和复眼结构提出一种结构紧凑的极高速成像方法，可应用于多种视场和时间范围。仿生极高速成像仿生微绒毛阵列结构，以条纹结构光照明和空间角分复用为基础，实现图像的压缩和瞬态事件时序图像的重现。仿生螳螂虾小眼结构，可以实现视场极高速成像；而复眼系统结构上有小眼系统拼接组成，可以突破限制现大视场极高速成像。时间延迟结构与照明成像光路分离，可以实现飞秒至皮秒时间尺度的瞬态事件记录。因此，仿生多视场极高速成像理论上可以应用于各种视场的成像，仿真实验的摄影频率可以达到1.2×10¹³ 帧/s，还原图像分辨率可以达到80.6 lp/mm。仿生极高速成像为大范围、群体性瞬态事件的探测提供了可能，例如光在散射介质中的传播、随机运动等，并且其结构紧凑，为极高速成像仪器的小型化、轻量化打下基础。

利用高能量纳秒激光轰击Al靶材产生的X射线作为信号源，对光折变X射线半导体响应芯片的空间性能进行实验研究。结果表明，低温生长AlGaAs芯片具备在X射线入射能量120∶1的动态范围内进行高空间分辨的大画幅成像能力，最优空间分辨率≥35 lp/mm @MTF=0.1，成像画幅可达6.7 mm×6.7 mm。该研究对于光折变X射线超快成像系统的研制具有参考意义。

We report a framing imaging based on noncollinear optical parametric amplification (NCOPA), named FINCOPA, which applies NCOPA for the first time to single-shot ultrafast optical imaging. In an experiment targeting a laser-induced air plasma grating, FINCOPA achieved 50 fs-resolved optical imaging with a spatial resolution of ～83 lp / mm and an effective frame rate of 10 trillion frames per second (Tfps). It has also successfully visualized an ultrafast rotating optical field with an effective frame rate of 15 Tfps. FINCOPA has simultaneously a femtosecond-level temporal resolution and frame interval and a micrometer-level spatial resolution. Combining outstanding spatial and temporal resolutions with an ultrahigh frame rate, FINCOPA will contribute to high-spatiotemporal resolution observations of ultrafast transient events, such as atomic or molecular dynamics in photonic materials, plasma physics, and laser inertial-confinement fusion.