随着光学显微技术的发展，人们得以在亚微米级的尺度观察微观世界，对破译生命活动密码起到了关键性推动作用。其中，相干拉曼散射（CRS）显微术作为一类基于分子特定振动提供成像衬度的技术，通过非线性光学过程大大增强了拉曼散射的信号，提高了成像速率和检测的灵敏度。根据非线性光学过程的不同，可将相干拉曼散射分为相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）和受激拉曼散射（SRS）。相较于CARS，SRS具有无非共振背景干扰、定量分析等优点，使之备受关注。将介绍相干拉曼散射的基本原理，并着重介绍受激拉曼散射的发展与应用。

With the development of optical microscopy, people have been able to observe the microcosm on sub-micron scale, which has played a key role in deciphering the code of life activities. Among them, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy provides imaging contrast based on molecular specific vibration and enhances the spontaneous Raman scattering signal by several orders through a nonlinear optical process, improving the imaging rate and detection sensitivity. According to different nonlinear optical processes, coherent Raman scattering can be divided into coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Compared with CARS, SRS has the advantages of no non-resonant background interference, quantitative analysis, etc. This article will introduce the basic principles of coherent Raman scattering, and focus on the development and application of stimulated Raman scattering.