白石脂为常用矿物药之一, 市场上多见伪品或混用现象, 这与矿物学鉴定特征不明确有关。 旨在通过性状观察及矿物学鉴定, 利用扫描电子显微镜、 X射线衍射、 微量元素光谱半定量、 红外光谱、 差热分析等测试对市售不同产地白石脂进行矿物学及谱学鉴定特征对比。 结果如下: (1)性状观察及常规矿物学鉴定特征白石脂均为色白, 土状光泽, 硬度小, 吸水粘舌, 微有土腥气。 主要矿物组成为高岭石、 伊利石及石英, 杂质矿物主要为长石、 方解石及褐铁矿。 (2)扫描电镜观察发现白石脂均可见网格状纤维结构, 能谱图显示主要成分为O, Si和Al。 (3)X射线衍射结果显示, 样品主要衍射线为7.44(3)和3.53(4), 主要成分为高岭石, 衍射线为10.45(5)和4.51(3)为伊利石, 另可见5.04(3), 4.51(3)和3.06(10)的石英衍射线, 次要衍射线显示含有极少量的长石、 方解石及褐铁矿。 (4)微量元素光谱半定量分析显示市售白石脂中微量元素主要为Ca, Mg, K, Na和Cr。 (5)差热分析主要表现为明显的高岭石及弱的伊利石吸热效应。 (6)红外光谱曲线显示3 700～3 000 cm-1的高频波段, 都具有锐而强的吸收峰, 分别位于3 440.98, 3 621.18和3 620.45 cm-1附近; 在500～1 500 cm-1的中低频波段, 几条谱线的轮廓大致相同, 约为1 200～1 000, 950～900和800～600 cm-1区间的谱带, 三个样品的谱带基本相同, 主要矿物组成为高岭石。 综上, 使用性状、 矿物学、 扫描电镜观察辅以红外光谱、 X射线衍射测试、 差热分析能有效判断市售白石脂质量。

Halloysitum Album is one of the most commonly used mineral drugs. It is often found fake or mixed in the market, which is related to the unclear identification of mineralogy. The purpose of this paper is to observe the characters and identify them by mineralogy. The mineralogical and spectral characteristics of Halloysitum Albumfrom different places on the market were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), semi-quantitative trace element spectroscopy, differential thermal analysisand infrared spectroscopy(IR). The results are as follows: (1) Halloysitum Album is white, with earthy luster, small hardness, water-absorbing and sticky tongue, and slightly earthy and fishy. The main minerals are kaolinite, illite and quartz. The main impurity minerals are feldspar, calcite and limonite. (2) The SEM results showed that all white stone lipids had grid-like fiber structure, and the main components were O, Si and Al. (3) The results of XRD showed that the main diffraction lines of the samples are 7.44(3), 3.53(4), the main composition is kaolinite, the diffraction lines are 10.45(5), 4.51(3) and illite, and the quartz diffraction lines are 5.04(3), 4.51(3), 3.06(10), secondary diffraction lines show the presence of and small amounts of feldspar, calcite and limonite. (4) The micronutrient spectrum Quantitative analysis showed that Ca, Mg, K, Na and Cr were the main components in the white stone lipids. (5) The differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed an obvious heat absorption effect of kaolinite and illite. (6) The results ofIR showed that the high frequency bands of 3 700～3 000 cm-1 have sharp and strong absorption peaks near 3 440.98, 3 621.18 and 3 620.45 cm-1, respectively. All the samples can be divided into 1 200～1 000, 950～900 and 800～600 cm-1 bands. The bands of the three samples are the same, and the main mineral composition is kaolinite. To sum up, the quality of commercially available Halloysitum Album can be judged effectively using properties, mineralogy, SEM, IR, XRD and differential thermal analysis.