作为一种新型光电探测技术，偏振成像可同时获取场景的空间分布和偏振特征，针对特定应用场景具有优异的材质区分及轮廓辨识能力，广泛应用于目标探测、生命科学、环境监测、三维成像等领域。偏振分光或滤光器件是偏振成像系统的核心元件，然而该类传统器件受限于体积庞大、性能不佳、易受干扰等问题，难以满足高集成、高性能、高可靠性偏振成像系统的要求。超构表面是一种结构单元以亚波长间隔准周期排列而成的二维平面器件，可在不同偏振方向对光场的振幅、相位进行精细操纵。基于超构表面的偏振器件具有体积小、重量轻、维度高等特点，为集成化偏振成像系统提供了新的解决方案。本文针对偏振成像，综述相关超构表面的功能原理、发展脉络和未来趋势，讨论并展望其在成像应用和系统集成方面所面临的挑战与机遇。

Polarization imaging, a novel photoelectric detection technology, can simultaneously acquire the contour information and polarization features of a scene. For specific application scenarios, polarization imaging has the excellent ability to distinguish different objects and highlight their outlines. Therefore, polarization imaging has been widely applied in the fields of object detection, underwater imaging, life science, environmental monitoring, 3D imaging, etc. Polarization splitting or the filtering device is the core element in a polarization imaging system. The traditional counterpart suffers from a bulky size, poor optical performance, and being sensitive to external disturbances, and can hardly meet the requirements of a highly integrated, highly functional, and highly stable polarization imaging system. A metasurface is a two-dimensional planar photonic device whose comprising units are arranged quasi-periodically at subwavelength intervals, and can finely regulate the amplitude and phase of the light field in different polarization directions. Polarization devices based on metasurface are featured with compactness, lightweight and multi-degree freedom, offering an original solution to ultracompact polarization imaging systems. Targeted at the field of polarization imaging, this paper illustrates the functional theory, developmental process and future tendency of related metasurfaces. We discuss the challenges and prospect on the future of imaging applications and systematic integrations with metasurfaces.