光电编码器测角误差的检测是编码器在研制和生产过程中必不可少的工作。目前, 人工手动检测装置检测过程复杂、效率较低, 耗时较长, 很难用于批量生产的产品检测。为了弥补现有手动检测装置的不足, 以自准直仪-多面棱体组合作为测量基准, 以步进电机和STM32来实现自动化, 设计了一种绝对式光电编码器测角误差的自动检测系统。阐述了系统的检测原理及软硬件设计, 分析并计算了系统精度, 其扩展不确定度为1.6″。对同一编码器进行手动和自动检测后, 结果分别为6.3″和7.3″, 实验表明检测系统自动检测结果准确。通过本系统进行检测, 检测过程无需人工操作, 效率较高, 在光电编码器的批量检测中, 可以体现出本系统的优势; 此外, 相较于传统的人工手动检测, 通过本系统进行检测更能反映编码器在实际工作中低速转动时角度位置精度的真实情况。

The angle measurement error detection of photoelectric encoder is an essential work in the development and production process of encoder. At present, the detection process of manual detection device is complex, inefficient and time-consuming, so it is difficult to be used for mass production product detection. In order to make up for the shortcomings of the existing manual detection device, this paper takes the autocollimator polyhedral prism combination as the measurement reference, uses the stepper motor and STM32 to realize automation, and designs an automatic detection system for angle measurement error of absolute photoelectric encoder. The detection principle, software and hardware design of the system are described. The accuracy of the system is analyzed and calculated. The expanded uncertainty is 1.6″. After manual and automatic detection of the same encoder, the results are 6.3″ and 7.3″, respectively. The experimental results show that the automatic detection result of the detection system is accurate. Through this system, the detection process does not need manual operation, and the efficiency is high. In the batch detection of photoelectric encoder, the advantages of this system can be reflected; In addition, compared with the traditional manual detection, this system can reflect the real working process of the encoder when it rotates at low speed.