分析了激光击穿水介质时的能量分布情况，给出了相应的能量计算方法。构建了研究激光击穿水介质能量分布的实验系统，利用高速摄像机对激光击穿水介质过程中的冲击波辐射、空泡脉动等现象进行了记录，得到了冲击波速度以及空泡尺寸等参数。利用水听器对远场声波信号进行了测量。研究结果表明：激光击穿水介质的过程中，大部分激光能量转换成了冲击波和空泡能量，两者占到的比例为60%~90%；激光能量的改变对激光击穿水介质的能量分布影响不大；当激光会聚角增加时，冲击波和空泡能量变大，同时透射激光能量减小。

The distribution of laser energy after laser-induced optical breakdown in water is theoretically analyzed. The calculation methods for energy are given. Experimental platform is built to research energy distribution after laser-induced optical breakdown underwater. A high speed camera is used to record the procession of laser-induced optical breakdown underwater, from which the speed of shockwaves and maximum radius of bubble are got. A hydrophone is used to measure the acoustic signals in far field. The results show that 60%~90% of laser energy is converted into shock wave energy and bubble energy. The laser energy has no influence on experimental results. With the increase of laser focusing angle, the energies of shock wave and bubble both increase, and that of transmitted laser decreases.