微粒非规则、微粒非各向同性和介质非均匀的三非环境普遍存在。三非环境中受微粒散射和吸收作用的影响，光信号的传输性能与作用距离会减弱。例如，雾、霾和云等低能见度环境会降低飞机、汽车和轮船出行的安全性，在浑浊水域中搜寻与潜航作业困难，而将偏振特性用于表征光在三非环境中的传输过程可为提取良好的光信号和增加作用距离提供可行方案。阐述微粒非规则、微粒非各向同性和介质非均匀等3种情形下偏振传输特性：分析多种非球形微粒的国内外发展；列举等效多层同心粒子模型的相关数据并解释雾霾散射特性等问题的有效性；对非均匀介质开展分类研究并分析光线的传输过程中介质环境的影响。综述三非环境中偏振光的散射偏振特性的发展历程和研究现状，阐明三非环境中偏振传输特性研究的重要性，展望三非环境偏振传输问题的发展趋势。语音播报 

The existence of three atypical environments involving irregular particles, nonisotropic particles, and nonuniform media is quite common. However, the transmission performance and operating distance of optical signals are badly affected due to particle scattering and absorption in the three atypical environments. For instance, low-visibility environments, such as fog, haze, and clouds, can reduce the safety of aircraft, cars, and ships, making it difficult to search and navigate in turbid waters. However, using polarization characteristics to characterize the transmission process in these atypical environments can provide feasible solution for extracting high-quality light signals and increasing operational distances. In this study, we explore the polarization transmission characteristics in three situations: irregular particles, nonisotropic particles, and nonuniform media. We analyze the domestic and international development of various nonspherical particles, present relevant data from the equivalent multilayer concentric particle model, and explain the effectiveness of addressing issues such as haze-scattering characteristics. Furthermore, we conduct a classification study on nonuniform media and analyze the impact of the medium on light transmission. By summarizing the development progress and current research status regarding scattering polarization characteristics of polarized light in the three atypical environments, we aim to clarify the importance of studying polarization transmission characteristics in such settings. Finally, we look forward to the development trend of polarization transmission problems in the three atypical environments.