利用太赫兹时域光谱技术信噪比高、频带宽、入射波光子能量低等特点，以及仪器操作简单、测试速度快等优势，对地学领域中的岩石矿物的成分、结构等参量的表征进行了总结，特别是围绕岩石矿物的光学性质、矿物中水的含量、填料矿物的表征、矿物对太赫兹波的调制等方面进行阐述。为研究岩石矿物的形成条件、矿化过程、矿物应用等内容提供一种新型的分析手段，拓展了太赫兹光谱技术的应用范围。

In the field of geology, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, with the characteristics of high signal-to-noise ratio, wide frequency bandwidth, and low incident wave photon energy as well as the advantages of simple instrument operation and fast testing speed, is used to characterize the composition, structure, and other parameters of rocks and minerals. In particular, the optical properties of rocks and minerals, water content in minerals, characterization of filler minerals, and modulation of minerals to terahertz waves are assessed. This provides a new analytical method for studying mineral formation conditions, mineralization, and mineral applications, thereby expanding the application scope of terahertz spectroscopy.