涡旋光携带轨道角动量，具有螺旋相位，其坡印廷矢量与光轴存在夹角。涡旋光坡印廷矢量的角向分量会引起旋转多普勒效应，可对旋转速度进行直接测量。利用涡旋光的线性多普勒效应与旋转多普勒效应可以对物体的线速度以及转动速进行探测，对物体的复合运动状态进行描述。在此基础上，利用叠加了不同轨道角动量模式的涡旋光对目标进行探测，不同的轨道角动量模式会造成不同的频移，结合线性多普勒效应造成的频移可以测量复合运动具体速度成分。由此提出了一种叠加态涡旋光对于复合运动的测量模型，并分析了不同运动状态对探测结果的影响。

ortex beam carries orbital angular momentum and exhibits a helical phase, with a Poynting vector oriented at an angle to the optical axis. The angular component of the vortex beam's Poynting vector causes a rotational Doppler effect, which allows direct measurement of rotational velocity. The linear and rotational Doppler effects of vortex light can be used to detect both linear and rotational velocities of an object, providing a comprehensive view of its compound motion. On this basis, the target is detected using the vortex light superimposed with different orbital angular momentum modes. These different orbital angular momentum modes cause different frequency shifts, which, when combined with the frequency shifts resulting from the linear Doppler effect, allow us to measure the specific velocity components of the compound motion. In this paper, we propose a measurement model for compound motion using superimposed vortex beams and analyze how different motion states affect the detection results.