材料力学性能原位测试技术能够在力学性能测试过程中对材料使役过程中微观结构演化与损伤失效机理进行表征分析，研究材料成分、工艺、组织结构与力学性能、使役行为之间的内在规律。研究材料成形加工关键技术，推动先进材料设计与制造，对服务**和国民经济建设具有重要意义。本文首先对材料力学性能测试技术的发展进行回顾总结，然后分别对扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、衍射成像下的材料力学性能原位测试技术进行概述，重点阐述了原位力学加载和温度场构建技术。最后，对材料力学性能原位测试领域的未来发展趋势进行展望。

In-situ testing technology for mechanical properties of materials can be used to characterize and analyze the microstructure evolution and damage failure mechanism during the service of materials in the process of mechanical properties testing, and to study the inner law among material composition, process, microstructure, mechanical properties, and service behaviors. The research of key technologies of material forming and processing to promote the design and manufacture of advanced materials is of great significance to serve national defense and national economic construction. In this article, we first review and summarize the development of material mechanical property testing techniques, and then outline the in-situ testing techniques of material mechanical properties by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and diffraction imaging. We focus on the in-situ mechanical loading and temperature field construction techniques. Finally, prospects for future trends in the field of in-situ testing for mechanical properties of materials are presented.