光纤水听器作为一种新型水声传感器，对我国经略海洋战略有着重要意义。为了满足光纤水听器日益增长的实际应用需求，发展低成本、高集成度和高灵敏度的光纤传感技术尤为迫切。光纤光栅水听器因其易大规模成阵、高性价比和高可靠性成为下一代光纤水听器阵列的重要技术方案。本文从传感系统、探头结构和关键技术三个方面对光纤布拉格光栅水听器技术的进展进行了全面综述。此外还对目前光纤光栅水听器传感技术发展最为关键的干端信号解调问题进行了较为详细的论述。本文对于深入研究光纤光栅水听器系统的关键技术、提升其系统探测性能和推进其实际应用具有重要的指导意义。

As a new type of underwater acoustic sensor, fiber optic hydrophone is of great significance to China's utilization and marine strategy planning. To satisfy the ever-growing demand for low-cost, highly integrated, and high sensitive fiber optic hydrophones, there is an urgent need to advance fiber sensor technologies. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based hydrophone exhibits advantages such as ease of large-scale array, cost-effectiveness, and high reliability, making it an important technical solution for the next generation of hydrophone arrays. This study comprehensively summarizes the FBG-based hydrophone based on the aspects of sensing systems, hydrophone probes, and key technologies. Additionally, signal demodulation at the dry end, which is a key technique in the development of FBG-based hydrophones, is addressed. This study has significant guiding significance for intensive research of key technologies, improvement of detection performance, and promotion of practical application of fiber grating hydrophone system.