原子气室作为量子仪表的核心部件, 其稳定性和寿命是决定量子仪表长期可靠工作的主要因素。在制备原子气室过程中, 玻璃高温熔接产生的残余应力会影响气室的力学特性及光学性能, 应力过大将导致气室在加工过程中发生炸裂, 并在后期应力释放过程中出现裂纹, 造成气室失效。测量和消除原子气室玻壳残余应力对提高原子气室的寿命和可靠性有重要意义。利用双折射应力测量仪对原子气室玻壳应力分布进行无损测量, 测量结果具有良好的一致性和重复性。经过退火处理后, 5支玻壳的应力最大值、平均值和标准差的平均值降幅分别达到81.35%、75.67%和77.32%, 表明消除应力取得了良好的效果。

Vapor cell is the core component of the quantum instruments, and its stability and service life mainly determine the long-term reliability of the quantum instrument. During the preparation of vapor cell, the residual stress generated by high-temperature welding can affect its mechanical and optical properties. Excessive stress may lead to the explosion of vapor cell during processing. The crack caused by stress release may lead to its failure in use. The measurement and elimination of residual stress is great significance for improving the stability and service life of vapor cell. In this paper, a birefringence stress meter was employed to nondestructive test the stress in vapor cell. After annealing treatment, the maximum value, average value and standard deviation of the measured stress decreased in vapor cell shell by 81.35%, 75.67% and 77.32%, respectively.