基于视觉的光学三维重建技术得益于对场景干预少、获取信息丰富等优点，在探测范围有限、非接触的场合得到了广泛应用。首先，主要介绍了基于主动视觉下的结构光法、莫尔法、飞行时间法、激光扫描法和基于被动视觉下的立体视觉法、运动恢复结构法，并分析了这些技术的优缺点；其次，总结并讨论了光学三维重建技术在农作物信息感知研究中的应用现状；最后，对光学三维重建的未来研究进行了展望。

Vision-based optical 3D reconstruction method has found wide applications in situations where the detection range is limited, and non-contact methods are preferred, as they offer rich information with minimal scene intervention. This study aims to introduce various methods used for 3D reconstruction, including laser scanning, structured light, moire method, time of flight based on active vision, stereo vision, and structure from motion based on passive vision. In addition, extensive comparisons of these methods are analyzed in detail. Next, the application of optical 3D reconstruction technology in crop information perception research is summarized and discussed. Finally, the study offers future perspectives on optical 3D reconstruction.