碳纤维复合材料由碳纤维和树脂基体两种材料复合而成, 因为两者的热性能参数差距较大, 直接在空气中进行激光加工碳纤维复合材料会出现如较大的热影响区、纤维膨胀、纤维拔出和切面材料分层等损伤问题, 所以在激光加工碳纤维复合材料中, 对其热损伤的控制成为关键问题。本文对激光复合加工碳纤维复合材料的国内外研究现状进行综述, 重点聚焦在气体辅助和水辅助下两种激光加工方法的优缺点, 最后对两种情况下的激光加工质量进行分析并总结规律。气体辅助下, 不同的气体类型、不同的气压, 光气同轴或旁轴辅助会带来不同的加工影响; 水辅助有水射流、水层和水导加工三种形式。本文通过总结气/液辅助激光加工碳纤维复合材料的机理, 以平衡碳纤维和基体吸收激光能量差异性为目标, 为碳纤维复合材料激光低损伤加工提供参考。

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics is composed of carbon fiber and resin matrix. Owing to the big difference in thermal properties between the carbon fiber and matrix, the laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics in the air will cause damage problems such as large heat affected zone, fiber expansion, fiber pull-out and section material delamination, etc. Therefore, the control of its thermal damage has become a key issue in the laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. This paper reviews the current domestic and overseas research status of carbon fiber reinforced plastics composite processed with laser, which focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the two processing methods, i.e., under gas-assisted and water-assisted lasers. Finally, this paper analyzes and summarizes the quality of laser processing in the two cases. In the aid of gas, different types of gas, pressures, phosgene coaxial and paraxial assist will bring different processing effects. There are three forms of water assisted, i.e., water jet, water layer and water conduction processing. This paper summarizes the mechanism of gas/liquid assisted laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics, which aims to balance the difference in the absorption of laser energy between carbon fiber and matrix. This paper can provide a reference for laser low-damage processing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics.