大型充油设备油箱内部区域发生局部高压放电时, 会使放电区域变压器油瞬间气化并产生爆炸压力波。为了研究上述过程中压力波在变压器油箱内部以及升高座区域的传播特性, 依据实际实验情况建立三维几何模型, 并划分多面体网格, 采用FLUENT软件进行数值模拟。计算过程中通过Profile文件在放电区域加载实际放电能量曲线, 并且通过气液两相流模型考虑气体和液体的可压缩性对其进行计算求解。结果表明：电弧能量4.929 MJ、持续时间58.6 ms情况下, 计算得到升高座顶部监测点压力峰值为1.21 MPa, 油箱左侧顶部位置监测点压力峰值4.62 MPa, 油箱右侧顶部位置监测点压力峰值3.79 MPa; 升高座区域内达到的压力峰值随着距离故障点位置的增加而不断减小。将仿真得到的不同监测点位置压力峰值以及压力变化趋势与实验结果进行对比, 二者具有较好的一致性, 验证了仿真计算模型的有效性。通过数值模拟手段建立油箱内电弧故障放电仿真模型并求解, 可获得油箱及升高座内各位置的详细压力变化曲线及三维空间内压力波传播规律, 能够极大地减少放电实验所产生的人力和物力损耗, 并为变压器油箱内电弧燃爆事故预防提供有效的理论依据。

When the local high voltage discharge occurs in the internal area of a converter transformer oil tank,the transformer oil in the discharge area will be vaporized instantly and explosion pressure wave will be generated.In order to study the propagation characteristics of the pressure wave in the transformer tank and elevated seat area in the above process,a three-dimensional geometric model was established and divided into polyhedral meshes according to the actual experimental situation.For numerical simulation,a fluent software was used.During the calculation,the actual discharge energy curve was loaded in the discharge area through the profile file,and the compressibility of gas and liquid was considered through the gas-liquid two-phase flow model.The results show that when the arc energy is 4.929 MJ and the duration is 58.6 ms,the peak pressures at the monitoring point on the top of the elevated seat,on the left and right top of the oil tank are 1.21 MPa,4.62 MPa and 3.79 MPa,respectively.The pressure peak in the elevated seat area decreases with the increase of the distance from the fault point.The simulated pressure peak and pressure variation trends obtained by simulation at different monitoring points display a satisfied consistence with the experimental results,which verifies the effectiveness of the simulation calculation model.By establishing and solving the arc fault discharge simulation model in the oil tank through numerical simulation,the detailed pressure variation curve and the pressure wave propagation law in the three-dimensional space can be obtained.It can greatly reduce the loss of manpower and material resources caused by the discharge experiment,and provide an effective theoretical basis for the prevention of arc explosion accident in the transformer oil tank.