可穿戴设备是能穿在身上, 实时获取人体或环境信息并进行传递和处理的功能设备, 在医疗健康、人工智能、运动娱乐等领域具有广阔的应用前景。随着可穿戴设备的发展, 各类柔性传感器应运而生。基于压电效应的柔性力学传感器因具有感应频率宽、响应快、线性好、自供电等优势而备受关注。然而传统的压电材料多为脆性陶瓷和晶体材料, 限制了其在柔性方面的应用。随着研究的深入, 越来越多的柔性压电材料和压电复合材料不断涌现, 给柔性可穿戴力学器件注入了新的发展活力。本文主要概括了柔性可穿戴压电器件的前沿进展, 包括压电原理、柔性压电材料的制备与性能提升方法。此外, 还详细总结了柔性可穿戴压电设备的主要应用方向, 包括医疗健康和人机交互, 以及遇到的挑战与机遇。

Wearable instruments are functional devices that can be worn on human body, sensing, transmitting and processing body or environmental information in real time, and show broad application prospects in medical health, especially artificial intelligence, sports and entertainment. With the development of wearable instruments, various flexible sensors have emerged. Flexible mechanical sensors based on piezoelectric effect have attracted much attention because of their advantages of wide sensing frequency, fast response, good linearity, and self-power supply. However, traditional piezoelectric materials are mostly brittle ceramics and crystalline materials, which limit their application in flexible devices. With the deepening of research, more and more flexible piezoelectric materials and piezoelectric composites continue to emerge, injecting new development vitality into flexible wearable mechanical devices. This article mainly summarizes the cutting-edge progress of flexible wearable piezoelectric devices, including piezoelectric principle, preparation and performance improvement methods of flexible piezoelectric materials. In addition, the main application directions of flexible wearable piezoelectric devices, including medical health and human-computer interaction, as well as the challenges and opportunities encountered, are summarized.