光子晶体面发射激光器（PCSEL）利用二维光子晶体光栅的布拉格共振实现面发射激光，具有其独特的优势，包括单模性能、在片测试、高功率、低发散角等。相比垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL），PCSEL有将近两倍的有源区光限制因子，展现出高速运行的潜力。本文探讨了PCSEL的基本结构和工作原理，并详细分析了影响PCSEL激光器实现高速性能的关键因素。随后，文章系统地介绍了近年来研究者们为实现PCSEL高速性能所做的努力，重点聚焦于通过增强PCSEL的面内限制来缩小激光腔，并提供了相关的研究方向和指导。

The photonic crystal surface-emitting laser(PCSEL) achieves surface-emitting laser operation by utilizing the Bragg resonance of a two-dimensional photonic crystal grating. It possesses unique advantages, including single-mode performance, on-wafer testing, high power output, and low divergence angles. Compared to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs), PCSELs have nearly double the active region confinement factor, showcasing their potential for high-speed operation. This paper explores the fundamental structure and working principles of PCSEL and provides a detailed analysis of the key factors influencing the achievement of high-speed performance in PCSEL lasers. Subsequently, the article systematically introduces the efforts made by researchers in recent years to achieve high-speed performance in PCSEL, with a particular focus on enhancing in-plane confinement in PCSELs. Relevant research directions and guidance are also provided.