光声成像技术结合光学的高对比度、高分辨率和声学的高穿透深度，已经发展成为一项独具优势的无损检测与成像技术。光声成像技术利用光声效应产生的超声信号解析深度信息，从而在三维空间对被测对象进行定位。在文物保护领域，制作文物的各种材料具有不同的光学吸收特性，在激光的激励下，产生并向外辐射幅值和频率不同的超声信号。超声信号的典型特征兼具鉴别材料类型和识别表面缺陷的功能，因此光声成像技术在文物保护领域具有应用价值。分类概述了现有的光声成像技术，阐述了光声成像技术在文物保护领域的发展现状及局限性，最后总结展望了光声成像技术在该领域的发展前景。

Photoacoustic imaging technology combines the high contrast and high resolution properties of optics and the high penetration depth property of acoustics. It has developed into a distinctive and advantageous non-destructive inspection and imaging technology that uses ultrasonic signals generated by the photoacoustic effect to resolve depth information, thus locating objects in a three-dimensional space. In the field of cultural heritage conservation, materials used to make cultural artifacts have different optical absorption properties; thus, ultrasonic signals with different amplitudes and frequencies are generated and radiated outward when they are subjected to laser light excitation. The characteristics of ultrasonic signals can reveal the material type and detect surface defects; hence, photoacoustic imaging technology can be applied in cultural heritage conservation. This paper provides an overview of existing photoacoustic imaging technologies, describes their current developments and limitations for cultural heritage conservation, and summarizes the future prospects of the technology for these applications.