光遗传学融合了光学、遗传学与基因工程，以其高时空分辨率和细胞类型特异性两大独特优势克服了传统手段控制神经元活动的许多缺点，为神经领域提供了革命性的研究手段。光遗传技术的发展取决于功能化神经探针的开发。集成了光电多功能模块的多功能光纤探针具有体积小、生物相容性高等优势，可广泛应用于光遗传学中，成为该领域当下研究热点。首先，介绍了光遗传学用神经探针需具备的基本功能，神经探针的分类及集成式神经探针的制备工艺，其次，对应用于光遗传学的多功能光纤探针的国内外研究现状进行了综述，最后，讨论了光遗传学用多功能光纤目前存在的问题及可能的解决方案。

Optogenetics is a technology that integrates optics, genetics, and genetic engineering to accurately control the activity of neurons. With the unique advantages of high spatial, temporal resolution and cell type specificity, optogenetics overcomes many shortcomings of traditional methods to control the activity of cells, and provides a revolutionary research method for the field of neurology. The applications of optogenetics technology are governed by the functional neural probes. In recent years, multifunctional optical fiber probe has attracted much attention due to its photoelectric functional, small size and high biocompatibility. First, the basic functions of optogenetic neural probes, the classification of neural probes and the preparation methods of integrated neural probes are introduced. Second, typical applications of multifunctional optical fiber probes in optogenetics are reviewed. Finally, existing problems and possible solutions of multifunctional optical fiber used in optogenetics are discussed.