革新常规光谱仪具有现实的技术和经济价值, 是推动光谱仪器不断发展的重要途径。 鉴于分光系统决定着常规光谱仪的基本性能, 是革新常规光谱仪的关键, 文章对常规光谱仪的分光系统进行了比较, 以揭示各典型分光系统的特色和内在衍化动力。 文章从决定要素及公式、 典型数据三方面对各典型分光系统的基本特性指标： (光谱范围、 分辨率、 色散率和光通量)进行了逐一和综合的横向比较, 不但揭示出各分光系统的特色和互补性, 还表明分辨率与光通量的矛盾普遍存在于常规光谱仪中。 以此为主线纵观常规光谱仪的衍化历史, 进一步揭示出分辨率与光通量的矛盾运动贯穿始终, 是推动其发展的重要动力。 这为理解常规光谱仪的发展提供了新的视角, 正确的认识和把握分辨率与光通量的矛盾将有利于分析和解决光谱仪器面临的核心问题, 加速新型光谱仪器的研制。

Innovation of conventional spectrometers is of actual technical and economical value. It is also an important way to accelerate the development of spectroscopic instruments. When improving a conventional spectrometer, its dispersion part is pivotal, because it is decisive to the basic performance of the spectrometer. In the present paper, the typical dispersion parts of conventional spectrometers are compared to feature them and find the evolution force among them. The basic characters of the dispersion parts, including spectral range, dispersion power, resolution and throughput, are compared separately and comprehensively by reviewing their decisive factor, formula and typical data. The results not only conclude the feature and the complementariness of the dispersion parts, but also indicate that the trade-off between resolution and throughput is ubiquitous in traditional spectrometers. Further reviewing from this point, the evolution history of traditional spectrometers shows that the conflict between resolution and throughput is an important evolution force. This is a new way to understand the evolution of traditional spectrometers. Moreover, dealing with the trade-off between resolution and throughput correctly will help to analyze and settle the core problem of spectrometers.