目的: 建立脉冲1 064 nm Nd:YAG激光致视网膜出血性损伤及非出血性损伤动物模型, 为治疗药物评价提供技术基础。方法: 应用自由振荡脉冲及调Q脉冲1 064 nm激光照射青紫蓝灰兔视网膜, 通过在光路中加入透镜获得直径200 μm眼底光斑, 加入衰减片改变角膜入射激光能量。照射即刻对损伤应用检眼镜进行实时观察, 并用眼底相机在损伤后不同时间进行照相。结果: 视网膜典型非出血损伤参数为脉冲宽度85 μs, 激光能量15.0 mJ, 光斑直径200 μm, 损伤1小时局部出现水肿或渗出, 损伤后1天水肿及渗出明显, 损伤后3天水肿及渗出部分消退; 损伤后7天水肿及渗出已完全消退; 典型出血损伤参数为脉冲宽度20 ns, 激光能量2.4 mJ, 光斑直径200 μm, 损伤后1小时损伤斑清晰, 环状出血颜色鲜红; 损伤后1天出现水肿, 环状出血颜色稍淡; 损伤后3天损伤斑水肿及渗出仍较明显, 出血颜色明显变淡; 损伤后7天水肿及渗出消退, 边缘出血吸收、区域缩小。结论: 成功建立了Nd:YAG激光致视网膜出血和非出血损伤动物模型, 可用于药物筛选及评价。

Objective:To establish animal retinal injury models induced by pulsed 1 064 nm Nd:YAG laser, and provide technique support for drug scanning and evaluation. Methods: Experimental eyes of pigmented rabbits received pulsed 1 064 nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation under free oscillation condition(85 μs) and Q-switch condition(20 ns). The diameter of laser spot on retina was 200 μm, which was achieved by inserting positive lens in the light path. The energy entering pupil was changed with attenuators. The injuries were observed with ophthalmoscope and photographed with fundus camera at different time after irradiation. Results:The typical non-hemorrhagic retina injury can be induced by laser with parameters of 85 μs, 15.0 mJ and 200 μm: the edema and exudation could be seen 1 hour, became evident 1 day, disappeared partially 3 days and completely 1 week after irradiation; the typical hemorrhagic retinal injury can be induced with laser parameters of 20 ns, 2.4 mJ and 200 μm: the injury spots were cycled with red bleeding 1 hour after irradiation. The edema and exudation was evident 1 day but partially disappeared 3 days after irradiation. Then the edema and exudation disappeared, the surrounding hemorrhagic materials were absorbed, and the injured region became smaller 1 week after irradiation. Conclusion:The rabbit retinal injury models were successfully established with proper 1 064 nm laser parameters, which can be used to scan and evaluate drugs for therapy.