该文设计并制作了一款简易的拉锥空心光纤的高灵敏度传感器, 通过实验测量了其温度与应力特性。首先利用光纤熔接机在两段标准单模光纤之间熔接一段空心光纤, 再对准空心光纤中间位置进行放电, 同时运用两个步进电机在单模光纤两端施加一定的拉力, 这导致法布里-珀罗干涉仪转换为马赫-曾德尔干涉仪。实验结果表明, 此拉锥过程使光纤传感器的温度灵敏度从理论值0.85 pm/℃提升到69.1 pm/℃, 约提升了81.3倍, 轴向应变灵敏度最高可达3.6 pm/με。该器件具有体积小、结构简单和灵敏度高等特点, 在航空航天、医疗监测等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

In this paper, a simple sensor with high sensitivity based on tapered hollow fiber was designed and fabricated, and its temperature and strain characteristics were measured by experiments. Firstly, a section of hollow fiber was fused between two standard single-mode fibers by using the optical fiber fusion splicer, and then a discharge was applied to the middle of the hollow fiber, while two stepper motors were used to apply a certain tension at both ends of the single-mode fiber, which led to the conversion of Fabry-Perot interferometer to Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the fiber optic sensor is improved from the theoretical value of 0.85 pm/℃ to 69.1 pm/℃ by approximately 81.3 times and the axial strain sensitivity is up to 3.6 pm/με after the tapered process. The device has the characteristics of small size, simple structure and high sensitivity, and has a broad application prospect in aerospace, medical monitoring and other fields.