光学感前计算是一种在光电传感器前端的光学域进行信息计算处理的技术，包括编码压缩、全光智能推理等计算范式，具有传输即计算、结构即功能等显著特点，在卫星光学遥感领域有着广泛的应用前景。首先对用于感前计算的光场调制器件进行介绍，包括数字微镜器件（DMD）、液晶空间光调制器（LC-SLM）、衍射光学元件（DOE）及超表面等。然后分别梳理了感前编码压缩及全光智能推理的相关技术发展，在此基础上，着重讨论光学感前计算在卫星遥感领域的应用途径和未来发展趋势。

Optical pre-sensor computing is a technique involving information computation and processing in the optical domain at the front end of photoelectric sensors. This encompasses computation paradigms such as encoding compression and all-optical intelligent inference. It exhibits significant characteristics, such as computation during optical transmission and structure-function correlation, making it widely applicable in the field of satellite remote sensing. This paper introduces optical field modulation devices employed in pre-sensor computing, such as digital micromirror device (DMD), liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM), diffractive optical element (DOE), and metasurface. Subsequently, we systematically review the pertinent technological advancements in pre-sensor encoding compression and all-optical intelligent inference. Finally, the application pathways and future development trends of optical pre-sensor computing in the field of satellite remote sensing are discussed.