Author Affiliations
Abstract
Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, MacDonald Hall, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
The most general model of elliptical birefringence in an optical fiber has been developed for a steady-state and transient stimulated Brillouin scattering interaction. The impact of the elliptical birefringence is to induce a Brillouin frequency shift and distort the Brillouin spectrum—which varies with different light polarizations and pulsewidths. The model investigates the effects of birefringence and the corresponding evolution of spectral distortion effects along the fiber, providing a valuable prediction tool for distributed sensing applications.
Fiber optics Nonlinear optics, fibers Birefringence Polarization Scattering, stimulated Brillouin Photonics Research
2014, 2(5): 05000126
Author Affiliations
Abstract
The Engineering Program, University of Massachusetts at Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA (Richard.Soref@umb.edu)
New designs are proposed for electro-optical switching in the 1.3–12 μm wavelength range. Directional couplers are analyzed using a two-dimensional effective-index approximation. It is shown that three or four side-coupled Si or Ge channel waveguides can provide complete crossbar broad-spectrum switching when the central waveguides are injected with electrons and holes to modify the waveguides’ core index by an amount . The four-waveguide device is found to have a required active length that is 50% shorter than for the three-waveguide switch. A rule of for 3w and for 4w is deduced to promise insertion loss and crosstalk at the bar state. At an injection of , the predicted decreased from to as increased from 1.32 to 12 μm. Because of Ge’s large , the Ge bar loss is high in 4w but is acceptable in 3w.
Optical switching devices Electro-optical materials Electro-optical devices Photonic integrated circuits Photonics Research
2014, 2(5): 05000102
