真空环境中高功率激光装置光学元件表面的有机物污染是限制其负载能力的原因之一。针对装置中常见的有机物污染和三倍频激光溶胶凝胶减反膜，通过精确控制真空环境中污染源的挥发扩散，制备了有机物质量面密度不同的元件表面，定量研究了有机污染物质量面密度对溶胶凝胶减反膜光学性能及损伤特性的影响规律。实验结果表明：样品表面粗糙度、透过率、损伤阈值等的变化量均与有机物质量面密度成正相关。有机污染物沉积量较少时，由于膜层孔隙被填充，膜层的表面粗糙度略有减小；随着沉积量增加，有机物附着影响表面形貌，粗糙度显著增加。溶胶凝胶减反膜在351 nm波长处的光学透过率随着有机物质量面密度的增加而逐渐降低，这与有机物分子改变溶胶凝胶膜孔隙填充比有关。样品表面的激光损伤阈值变化量和损伤面积随着有机物质量面密度的增加而增加，而且不同有机物沉积量的光学表面的损伤形貌存在显著差异。基于实验结果讨论了有机物影响溶胶凝胶减反膜性能的机理，并探讨了高功率激光系统的洁净度控制方法。

为了降低铝合金因激光辐照而产生颗粒污染物的几率,研究了激光冲击强化对纳秒激光辐照5052铝合金诱致污染物产生规律的影响。首先采用不同功率密度的纳秒激光对5052铝合金试样进行冲击强化,而后采用纳秒激光对激光冲击强化后的5052铝合金试样进行辐照-洁净度测试,最后对比分析激光冲击强化前后5052铝合金试样表面硬度、形貌、粗糙度及因激光辐照诱致污染物产生规律的变化。研究结果表明:激光冲击强化在提高5052铝合金表面强度的同时,对抑制低通量激光辐照(不高于0.65 J/cm ²)导致的污染物产生同样是有效的;对于粗糙度Ra为1.6的5052铝合金表面,经聚焦光斑直径为2.2 mm的高斯脉冲激光(光斑搭接率为50%,波长为532 nm,脉冲宽度为14 ns,功率密度为0.75~1.88 GW/cm ²)冲击强化后,低通量激光辐照阶段,激光诱致污染物(粒径为0.3~0.5 μm)数量降低25%~50%。研究结果为5052铝合金因激光辐照,尤其是低通量激光辐照而产生污染物的控制提供了一种新的方法。

颗粒污染物是高功率激光装置光学元件损伤的诱因之一,掌握污染物产生规律是解决污染诱致损伤问题的基础。针对本色氧化工艺处理前后的5052铝合金样品,研究了激光辐照样品诱致亚微米和微米尺寸气溶胶颗粒的产生规律,分析了激光能量密度、脉冲数目、激光光斑直径、表面粗糙度等参数对颗粒物数量的影响。结果表明:颗粒物数量和激光光斑面积呈正相关;激光能量密度低于烧蚀阈值时,颗粒物产生于第一个脉冲辐照过程,高于烧蚀阈值时,表面颗粒物数量随着激光能量密度增加而逐渐增加;随着激光脉冲数目的增加,本色氧化5052样品产生颗粒物的数量逐渐增加,而5052样品产生颗粒物的数量变化不明显。两种不同表面工艺样品产生颗粒物的规律存在较大差别;低于烧蚀阈值时,两种样品产生的颗粒物数量相当;在烧蚀阈值附近时,颗粒物数量存在陡增现象;高于烧蚀阈值时,本色氧化5052样品产生的颗粒物数量显著多于5052样品。研究结果为高功率激光装置中铝合金表面处理和洁净控制提供了参考依据。

激光器输出功率稳定及高功率激光装置中长光程传输光束指向稳定,都对维持光学件位置的支撑镜架稳定性提出了很高的要求。为了维持光束的准直性,支撑结构必须兼顾可调节性和稳定性,而可调节性将引入不稳定性。本文针对可调节支撑镜架中常用的调节结构提出一种结构改进设计,通过添加单独起导向作用的精密滑动配合,实现对传统调节结构中导向与传动耦合的螺纹配合进行功能解耦,降低了螺纹配合中较大径向间隙对导向精度的影响,提高了镜架的稳定性;搭建了稳定性对比测试装置,实现在同一光路中对不同光学镜架的稳定性对比测试。实验结果验证了所提改进调节结构可有效提升光学支撑镜架结构的稳定性。

实验研究了纳秒激光辐照下不同材料的工程陶瓷表面的抗激光损伤能力, 并与不锈钢、铝合金等金属材料进行了对比.结果表明, 不同材料的工程陶瓷表面抗激光损伤特性不同; 氧化铝陶瓷的损伤阈值最高, 氮化硅陶瓷的损伤阈值较低.与金属材料相比较, 工程陶瓷表面损伤阈值比不锈钢和铝合金高.由于材料的熔点和热传导率等热力学特性不同, 不同的陶瓷材料具有不同的损伤阈值和损伤形貌.理论分析了不同材料抗激光损伤阈值的差异; 陶瓷材料的吸收系数远远小于金属材料, 吸收系数通过影响能量沉积区域和有效热扩散速率影响材料温度的演化过程, 最终影响着材料的激光损伤阈值和损伤特性.实验结果为高功率激光装置中对抗激光损伤能力要求较高的机械支撑材料的选择提供了指导.

In order to monitor the volatilization and deposition of organic contaminants on optics surfaces in high power laser facility, online detection of airborne molecular contaminant was investigated based on quartz crystal microbalance and optical microfiber. First, the response performance of quartz crystal microbalance for different densities of airborne molecular contamination was tested. Then the comparison of quartz crystal microbalance and optical microfiber in detecting the surface mass density of airborne molecular contamination was implemented with the view factor method. The characteristics of airborne molecular contamination deposited on optical surface were also studied. The experiment results show that quartz crystal microbalance and optical microfiber have the similar response performance, and thus they can be applied in online airborne molecular contamination detection. When the surface mass density of airborne molecular contamination is larger than 0.5×10－5g/cm2, optical microfiber is preferred due to the higher precision and larger response speed. The more the density of airborne molecular contamination is, the more it deposits on the optics.

In order to monitor the volatilization and deposition of organic contaminants on optics surfaces in high power laser facility, online detection of airborne molecular contaminant was investigated based on quartz crystal microbalance and optical microfiber. First, the response performance of quartz crystal microbalance for different densities of airborne molecular contamination was tested. Then the comparison of quartz crystal microbalance and optical microfiber in detecting the surface mass density of airborne molecular contamination was implemented with the view factor method. The characteristics of airborne molecular contamination deposited on optical surface were also studied. The experiment results show that quartz crystal microbalance and optical microfiber have the similar response performance, and thus they can be applied in online airborne molecular contamination detection. When the surface mass density of airborne molecular contamination is larger than 0.5×10－5g/cm2, optical microfiber is preferred due to the higher precision and larger response speed. The more the density of airborne molecular contamination is, the more it deposits on the optics.

Based on the vibration theory and the matrix optics theory, the principle of the optical image method to test the beam positioning stability is derived. The test method of beam positioning stability is designed, and the experimental results show that the optical image method can accurately analyze the range of the beam positioning stability error, also can analyze the value and influence degree of vibration frequency of the error, and combined with the accelerometer by the electron test method, the source of the error can be detected in the optical system. The optical-electro test method is reliable, simple and convenient, and has good engineering application value, especially for large optical system.

从振动的基本理论出发,应用矩阵光学理论,推导了光学图像法测试光束指向稳定性的原理。设计了光电法测试光束指向稳定性的测试应用,并搭建了实验光路,结果表明:光学图像法可以准确分析光束指向稳定性误差的大小、产生的误差的振动频率及其影响程度,并结合加速度计的电学法测试,可以探测光路中引起光束指向误差的来源。光电法测试结果正确可靠、简单方便,具有较好的工程应用价值,特别适合大型光学系统的光束指向稳定性测试。