激光器输出功率稳定及高功率激光装置中长光程传输光束指向稳定,都对维持光学件位置的支撑镜架稳定性提出了很高的要求。为了维持光束的准直性,支撑结构必须兼顾可调节性和稳定性,而可调节性将引入不稳定性。本文针对可调节支撑镜架中常用的调节结构提出一种结构改进设计,通过添加单独起导向作用的精密滑动配合,实现对传统调节结构中导向与传动耦合的螺纹配合进行功能解耦,降低了螺纹配合中较大径向间隙对导向精度的影响,提高了镜架的稳定性;搭建了稳定性对比测试装置,实现在同一光路中对不同光学镜架的稳定性对比测试。实验结果验证了所提改进调节结构可有效提升光学支撑镜架结构的稳定性。

Large aperture high-power laser drivers usually focus the high power laser beams in 2×2 quads to the target chamber center in order to increase the light intensity on the target plane. The large aperture wedged focus lenses are the core components in the focus system of quadruplets of beams, and it is thought possible to use four two-dimensional off-axis wedged focus lenses as four sub-lenses to make up a larger aperture wedged focus lens in form to focus the four beams. Given that the large aperture two-dimensional off-axis wedged focus lenses are processed and used difficultly, the wedged focus lenses are divided into three categories: the two-dimensional off-axis wedged focus lenses, the onedimensional off-axis wedged focus lenses, and the non-off-axis wedged focus lenses. On the basis of the three modes of the wedged focus lenses and the corresponding specific incidence angles of each sub-beam, the three focus schemes for the 2×2 beam array are put forward to comparatively research the light intensity distribution on the target plane. Research results show that from a perspective of the coherence among the four sub-beams, the phase factors of each sub-beam respectively introducing by the three focus systems with the two-dimensional off-axis, one-dimensional off-axis, and non-off-axis wedged focus lenses are asymmetric, asymmetric and symmetric inside each sub-beam, and symmetric, asymmetric and symmetric among the four sub-beams. Therefore, the wave front consistency of the four sub-beams decreases in the order of the focus systems with the non-off-axis, two-dimensional off-axis, and one-dimensional off-axis wedged focus lenses. The focus schemes with the non-off-axis wedged focus lenses for 2×2 beam array can get the narrowest main-lobe, the strongest peak-value intensity, the highest energy concentration ratio on the target plane, followed by the one-dimensional off-axis and two-dimensional off-axis wedged focus lenses. The off-axis mode of the wedged focus lenses not only increases the complexity in the course of processing and using, but also increases the main-lobe size, decreases the peak-value intensity and the energy concentration ratio, which obtains a weaker focusing characteristics than that of the non-off-axis mode of the wedged focus lenses. Research results can provide an important reference for the design of the focus system in the target area of high-power laser drivers.

为了进一步改进气体传感性能, 文章将衰荡腔技术应用到气体传感领域, 理论和实验分析表明: 采用衰荡腔技术能够显著地改善气体检测的灵敏度, 气体浓度检测限可达10-3; 所设计的传感系统在响应时间方面远快于光谱仪峰值比对方法; 采用的衰荡时间信号反馈法能在提高灵敏度的同时检测气体峰值的变化。

如何解决光纤传输过程中的色散补偿，以及实现高速数据的密集波分时复用和全光解复用，成为当前研究过程中的主要难题。光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)是一种理想的无源传感与信号解调器件，文中基于此探究了光纤Bragg光栅的横向受力特性，建立了相应的理论模型，搭建了ASE100光源的实验系统。红外光谱条件下的解调实验结果表明：透射谱主阻带内有偏振损耗的最大值；分裂点与受力大小呈线性关系，并随受力的变化产生周期性移动；温度的不同并不能使偏振损耗的形状发生改变，只是使其在波长轴上的位置产生了变化。上述研究成果对于明确光纤Bragg光栅横向受力具有明显的参考价值。

研究了CCD观测图像的亚像素级高精度质心定位方法以提高目标星像的天文定位精度。分析了影响定位精度的主要因素, 如图像噪声、离散化采样误差及定位窗口选择等, 结合CCD弥散斑的成像特性, 提出了一种基于能量累加的空间目标星像质心定位方法。该方法使用插值方式降低离散采样点和实际感光区域光线照度的不一致性; 利用弥散斑能量累加自适应地确定目标星像的有效窗口, 优化目标星像灰度, 消除随机噪声的影响; 并采用平方加权质心定位方法进行质心计算。实验结果表明, 该方法具有较强的抗干扰能力和稳定性, 定位精度可达0.01 pixel, 适用于低信噪比条件下的质心定位计算。

为了有效消除帧转移型相机的Smear效应，针对其成像机理及特性，提出了一种基于背景估计的适用于序列图像中Smear效应的消除方法。该方法通过对含有Smear效应的原始图像灰度分布进行统计分析，自适应判定Smear效应的发生位置; 然后，采用截尾均值滤波(ATMF)技术高精度估计Smear效应的强度; 最后，通过差分的方式消除Smear效应。实验结果表明，该方法在有效保留弱小目标和背景信息的基础上，可较好地消除图像中的单个或多个Smear效应，提高了图像的视觉质量，基本满足天文观测相机的观测要求。