针对基于强光元件高精度面形在位检测需求，开展了面形测量误差敏感因素仿真分析，进行了系统结构误差和温度误差对测量结果的影响研究，分析各类误差对测量面形误差的具体影响，设计并搭建在位检测系统，开展系统温度变化、系统重复性、系统稳定性等测量实验。研究结果表明：所建立的逆向哈特曼仿真检测模型可用于平面、球面、非球面、自由曲面等各类型被测面，各类影响因素对测量结果的影响主要体现在低频误差上，对高频误差的影响相对较小，搭建的在位检测系统6 h内测量面形误差PV值最大不超过68 nm（约λ/10），RMS值最大不超过15 nm（约λ/40）。

针对激光增材制造高反射金属工件表面缺陷的高精稳健检测与评估这一工程难题，设计了一种基于高反射抑制效应的偏振检测系统，能够有效避免背景杂波干扰，提升复杂检测环境下的缺陷探测能力。系统基于Q-type非球面设计，其像差校正能力强，简化了系统结构，第7表面面型与最佳拟合球面偏离量仅0.371 μm，第9表面面型与最佳拟合球面偏离量仅0.434 μm，焦距为50 mm，F数为2，工作距离为300 mm。仿真结果表明，调制传递函数在奈奎斯特频率为144.93 lp/mm处优于0.42，满足成像质量要求；公差分析和2000次蒙特卡洛分析结果显示，在满足偏振检测系统成像质量条件下，公差范围合理，符合加工与装配条件。同时，基于斯托克斯矢量法提取高反射检测图像中的缺陷偏振态信息，实现斯托克斯矢量、偏振度和偏振角信息的高反射抑制重构，有效提升偏振检测图像对比度、凸显缺陷轮廓信息及形貌特征，对激光增材制造高反射金属工件表面缺陷的特征提取与表征分析具有重要意义。

A key limitation in the observation of instruments used in operations and heart sutures during a procedure is the scattering and absorption during optical imaging in the presence of blood. Therefore, we propose a novel real-time fiber-optic infrared imaging system simultaneously capturing a flexible wide field of view (FOV) and large depth of field infrared image in real time. The assessment criteria for imaging quality of the objective and coupling lens have been optimized and evaluated. Furthermore, the feasibility of manufacturing and assembly has been demonstrated with tolerance sensitivity and the Monte Carlo analysis. The simulated results show that the optical system can achieve a large working distance of 8 to 25 mm, a wide FOV of 120°, and the relative illuminance is over 0.98 in the overall FOV. To achieve high imaging quality in the proposed system, the modulation transfer function is over 0.661 at 16.7 lp/mm for a 320×256 short wavelength infrared camera sensor with a pixel size of 30 µm.