散斑血流灌注成像是一种利用红细胞对激光的散射特性监测血流灌注信息的医学成像技术。同传统血流灌注监测方法相比，其具有实时显像、分辨率高、成本低、无需造影剂等优点，尤其在体表血流监测方面独具优势。简述了散斑血流灌注成像的基本原理，总结了其技术进展及在眼底血流、脑血流、体表微循环监测及肿瘤血流灌注监测几个方面的应用，并介绍了其在监测鸡胚肿瘤血管新生方面的新应用。

基于纳米材料的生物分子检测、光热治疗、光动力治疗和药物靶向输送等新方法，正逐渐成为生物医学领域中重要的诊疗手段。但由于传统纳米材料本身的局限性或治疗手段的缺陷，当前纳米医疗技术存在药物利用率低、毒副作用大和治疗效果低等问题。将纳米技术和光子学相结合，可以在纳米范围内精确控制光与物质的相互作用，从而使生物医学诊疗技术更加精准和稳定。从四个方面总结回顾了近年国内外面向精准化生物医学的多功能纳米光子学技术的发展状况，这四个方面分别为依靠光学技术改善纳米生物医学的稳定性、依靠光学技术实现对肿瘤纳米治疗过程的精准监控、依靠光学技术深入理解纳米生物医学的作用机制以及依靠新型光学技术获取前沿生物医学精细化研究新手段。

In this work two different fluorochromes (Alexa 594 and Alexa 680) are conjugated to the same monoclonal antibody (Cetuximab) for obtaining a characteristic M-shaped dual-peak spectrum. Dual-labeling of Cetuximab by mixing both fluorochromes before the conjugation step gives spectral results similar to those of mixing of fluorochrome-labeled Cetuximab after the conjugation step (P>0.05). In conclusion, both methods may be used equivalently for producing a dual-labeled single-antibody probe. Future studies may test whether the M-shaped spectrum may increase the diagnostic confidence in tumor-targeted multispectral optical imaging.

The feasibility of applying optical coherence tomography (OCT) in determining the degree of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is assessed. The left anterior descending coronary artery of 90 Sprague-Dawley rats are ligated and reperfused at different times. The total attenuation coefficient obtained from the OCT images in the experimental group keeps increasing with reperfusion time and highly correlates with the histopathological characteristics (P <0.01). We present evidence proving the feasibility of using OCT for evaluating myocardial ischemia reperfusion.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may metastasize to many organs. The survival rate is almost zero for metastatic HCC patients. Molecular mechanisms of HCC metastasis need to be understood better and new therapies must be developed. We have developed the "in vivo microscopy" to study the mechanisms that govern liver tumor cells spreading through the microenvironment in vivo. A recently developed "in vivo flow cytometer" combined with real-time confocal fluorescence imaging is used to assess spreading and the circulation kinetics of liver tumor cells. We measure the depletion kinetics of two related human HCC cell lines, high-metastatic HCCLM3 cells and low-metastatic HepG2 cells, which are from the same origin and obtained by repetitive screenings in mice. More than 60% of the HCCLM3 cells are depleted within the first hour. Interestingly, the low-metastatic HepG2 cells possess noticeably slower depletion kinetics. In comparison, less than 40% of the HepG2 cells are depleted within the first hour. The differences in depletion kinetics might provide insights into early metastasis processes.

Employing nonlinear spectral imaging technique based on two-photon-excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation (SHG) of biological tissue, we combine the image-guided spectral analysis method and multi-channel subsequent detection imaging to map and visualize the intrinsic species in a native rabbit aortic wall. A series of recorded nonlinear spectral images excited by a broad range of laser wavelengths (730-910 nm) are used to identify five components in the native rabbit aortic wall, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), elastic fiber, flavin, porphyrin derivatives, and collagen. Integrating multi-channel subsequent detection imaging technique, the high-resolution, high contrast images of collagen and elastic fiber in the aortic wall are obtained. Our results demonstrate that this method can yield complementary biochemical and morphological information about aortic tissues, which have the potential to determine the tissue pathology associated with mechanical properties of aortic wall and to evaluate the pharmacodynamical studies of vessels.

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) have highly efficient multi-photon-induced luminescence. In this paper, we record the two-photon images of gold NPs, lymphoma cell line Karpas 299, and Karpas 299 incubated with 30-nm-diameter gold NPs and ACT-1 antibody conjugates (Au30-ACT-1 conjugates) by using a multi-photon microscopy system. Due to the specific conjugation of ACT-1 antibody and cell membrane receptor CD25, gold NPs are only bound to the surface of cell membrane of Karpas 299. The luminescence intensity of gold NPs is higher than that of cells at 750-nm laser excitation. By comparing the images of Karpas 299 cells incubated with and without gold NPs, it is found that by means of gold NPs, we can get clear cell images with lower excitation power. Their excellent optical and chemical properties make gold NPs an attractive contrast agent for cellular imaging.

Eccentric photorefraction usually is used as early eyesight diagnostic test of infants and small children. Unlike currently approved geometrical optical model of eccentric photorefractometer, the crescent formation and the light-intensity distribution in the pupil image of a myopic eye are analyzed by Fourier optics with the assumption of an isotropic scattering retina. In the case of little circular light source and rectangular slit, the simulation results of different myopic diopters are obtained by geometrical optical theory and Fourier optics respectively. It is found that the simulation results by Fourier optics are similar as those obtained by geometrical optics, and all simulations are almost corresponding to the experimental result. The result demonstrates that the new method presented here is feasible.