基于纳米材料的生物分子检测、光热治疗、光动力治疗和药物靶向输送等新方法，正逐渐成为生物医学领域中重要的诊疗手段。但由于传统纳米材料本身的局限性或治疗手段的缺陷，当前纳米医疗技术存在药物利用率低、毒副作用大和治疗效果低等问题。将纳米技术和光子学相结合，可以在纳米范围内精确控制光与物质的相互作用，从而使生物医学诊疗技术更加精准和稳定。从四个方面总结回顾了近年国内外面向精准化生物医学的多功能纳米光子学技术的发展状况，这四个方面分别为依靠光学技术改善纳米生物医学的稳定性、依靠光学技术实现对肿瘤纳米治疗过程的精准监控、依靠光学技术深入理解纳米生物医学的作用机制以及依靠新型光学技术获取前沿生物医学精细化研究新手段。

We review the principle and some recent applications of Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT). The advances of the phase-resolved Doppler OCT method are described. Functional OCT algorithms which are based on an extension of the phase-resolved scheme are also introduced. Recent applications of Doppler OCT for quantification of flow, imaging of microvasculature and vocal fold vibration, and optical coherence elastography are briefly discussed.

Sensitized-emission fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection method based on three-channel fluorescence microscopy is widely used. Several FRET algorithms, such as NFRET, FRETN, FR, FRETR, and FC/Df, are developed recently to quantitatively gauge and compare FRET signals between different experimental groups. However, the algorithms are difficult to choose and interpret. In this letter, we optimize the suitable yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) to cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) concentration ratio range for the above FRET algorithms. We also test the effect of YFP-to-CFP concentration ratio on the calculated energy transfer efficiency E and use the optimized FRET algorithms in the analysis of fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) self-association directly in living cells.

Combining photoacoustic (PA) imaging with laser speckle (LS) imaging (LSI) can simultaneously determine total hemoglobin concentration (HbT), hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2), and blood flow rates. Thus, the co-registration of PA and LS images is important in physiological studies and pathological diagnosis. This letter presents a co-registration algorithm combining mutual information with the maximum between-class variance segmentation method (Otsu method). The mutual information and Otsu method are used to provide the registration measure criterion and image feature recognition, respectively. The evaluation results show that the registration function possesses a single maximum peak and high smoothness across the global co-registration district, indicating a robust behavior. Moreover, this method has good registration accuracy, and the fusion result simultaneously visualizes the separate functional information of two kinds of images.

We present a novel optical sensor to acquire simultaneously functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with an improved handling and direct localization in the MRI compared to available sensors. Quantitative phantom and interference measurements showed that both methods can be combined without reciprocal adverse effects. The direct localization of the optical sensor on MR images acquired with a T1-weighted echo sequence simplifies the co-registration of NIRI and MRI data. In addition, the optical sensor is simple to attach, which is crucial for measurements on vulnerable subjects. The fNIRI and T2*- weighted fMRI data of a cerebral activation were simultaneously acquired proving the practicability of the setup.

The feasibility of applying optical coherence tomography (OCT) in determining the degree of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is assessed. The left anterior descending coronary artery of 90 Sprague-Dawley rats are ligated and reperfused at different times. The total attenuation coefficient obtained from the OCT images in the experimental group keeps increasing with reperfusion time and highly correlates with the histopathological characteristics (P <0.01). We present evidence proving the feasibility of using OCT for evaluating myocardial ischemia reperfusion.

Bim, a proapoptotic member of Bcl-2 family, plays an important role in cell apoptosis. It is generally thought that Bim translocates to mitochondria in response to apoptotic stimuli. We use confocal microscopy to image the temporal-spatial dynamics of Bim during dihydroartemisinin (DHA) induced human lung adenocarcinoma (ASTC-a-1) cell apoptosis. Interestingly, we find that DHA induces Bim translocation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rather than mitochondria, implying that Bim-ER pathway might be involved in the DHA-induced ASTC-a-1 cell apoptosis.