大尺寸晶体材料是半导体、激光、通讯等领域的基础原料, 大尺寸、高品质晶体材料的制备已成为制约相关行业发展的瓶颈。我国面临的“卡脖子”技术中大多与关键基础材料相关。大尺寸晶体材料制备理论与技术是我国新材料产业高质量发展的一个重要方面, 也是提升相应高技术产业的基础, 突破大尺寸晶体材料的制备理论和技术是获得高品质大尺寸晶体材料的关键。探究并准确理解大尺寸晶体生长机理需要借助原位表征技术和多尺度计算模拟方法。单一的原位表征和模拟技术只能探究特定时间和空间范围内的结晶信息, 为了准确反映结晶过程需要综合应用多种方法。本文综述了最新的多尺度晶体生长研究的原位表征方法、多尺度计算模拟技术以及机器学习方法, 为发展结晶理论和控制晶体品质提供重要的实验和理论依据, 并将为提升大尺寸晶体生长工艺的开发而服务。

光子晶体分为简单光子晶体和复式光子晶体，激光全息法是制作复式光子晶体的重要方法之一，光束偏振在其中扮演着重要角色。利用具有一定对称性的四光束配置干涉产生复式光子晶体，通过Matlab编程进行数值仿真，系统研究了不同偏振组合 (包括单光束、双光束、三光束和四光束) 对复式光子晶体元胞形状及干涉对比度的影响。结果表明，各光束的偏振度及旋转角度均对复式光子晶体具有显著影响。在不同偏振条件下获得了一系列丰富的元胞形状，如波浪条纹、椭圆柱、锯齿状等。此外，发现当各光束均为线偏振光时具有最佳的干涉对比度。上述研究结果对制作特殊元胞的复式光子晶体和虚拟实验教学具有一定的理论指导意义。

In the scheme of fast ignition of inertial confinement fusion, the fuel temperature mainly relies on fast electrons, which act as an energy carrier, transferring the laser energy to the fuel. Both conversion efficiency from the laser to the fast electron and the energy spectrum of the fast electron are essentially important to achieve highly effective heating. In this study, a two-dimensional particle in cell simulation is applied to study the generation of fast electrons from solid-density plasmas with different laser waveforms. The results have shown that the slope of the rising edge has a significant effect on fast electron generation and energy absorption. For the negative skew pulse with a relatively slow rising edge, the J×B mechanism can most effectively accelerate the electrons. The overall absorption efficiency of the laser energy is optimized, and the fast electron yield in the middle- and low-energy range is also improved.

A thorough understanding of biological species and emerging nanomaterials requires, among other efforts, their in-depth characterization through optical techniques capable of nanoresolution. Nanoscopy techniques based on tip-enhanced optical effects have gained tremendous interest over the past years, given their potential to obtain optical information with resolutions limited only by the size of a sharp probe interacting with focused light, irrespective of the illumination wavelength. Although their popularity and number of applications is rising, tip-enhanced nanoscopy (TEN) techniques still largely rely on probes that are not specifically developed for such applications, but for atomic force microscopy. This limits their potential in many regards, e.g., in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, attainable image quality, or extent of applications. We take the first steps toward next-generation TEN by demonstrating the fabrication and modeling of specialized TEN probes with known optical properties. The proposed framework is highly flexible and can be easily adjusted to be used with diverse TEN techniques, building on various concepts and phenomena, significantly augmenting their function. Probes with known optical properties could potentially enable faster and more accurate imaging via different routes, such as direct signal enhancement or facile and ultrafast optical signal modulation. We consider that the reported development can pave the way for a vast number of novel TEN imaging protocols and applications, given the many advantages that it offers.

基于微通道板电子倍增电荷分割型阳极的成像探测器常用于行星大气、气辉等微弱信号探测。针对探测器读出电路增益不相等导致探测器成像产生畸变的问题，利用理论分析结合MATLAB仿真揭示了不同畸变图像的形成机制，在该基础上提出了一种探测器读出电路增益补偿方法减小探测器成像畸变。通过MATLAB仿真和实验测试结果表明该文提出的方法能够有效减小由于读出电路增益不相等导致的探测器成像畸变。

This research work emphasizes the capability of delivering optically shaped targets through the interaction of nanosecond laser pulses with high-density gas-jet profiles, and explores proton acceleration in the near-critical density regime via magnetic vortex acceleration (MVA). Multiple blast waves (BWs) are generated by laser pulses that compress the gas-jet into near-critical steep gradient slabs of a few micrometres thickness. Geometrical alternatives for delivering the laser pulses into the gas target are explored to efficiently control the characteristics of the density profile. The shock front collisions of the generated BWs are computationally studied by 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The efficiency of the proposed target shaping method for MVA is demonstrated for TW-class lasers by a particle-in-cell simulation.

以有机发光二极管(Organic light-emitting diode，OLED）等为代表的新型显示技术已成为新一代信息技术的先导性支柱产业。尽管OLED在材料与器件叠层设计工艺等核心技术上已取得巨大突破，但目前业界研发仍然主要依靠试错法(trial-and-error），对于器件内部物理机理的理解仍然处于定性、经验性的阶段。本文系统性地阐述了OLED器件物理理论，特别是对如何从物理上描述组成OLED器件的非晶无序分子体系、如何描述电荷传输和激子过程、如何计算器件光电性能、以及如何将物理理论应用于实验OLED研发，进行了详细的介绍。

针对中物院高功率太赫兹自由电子激光（THz FEL）装置，结合FEL光腔振荡器实验的实际情况，提出了全波导近共心谐振腔设计方案。完成了THz波段波导光腔对光腔品质影响的理论分析和模拟计算，确定了波导设计尺寸为14 mm和22 mm。同时针对最初实验调试过程中无法出光饱和的问题，提出将波导更换为22 mm大尺寸波导的建议，波导更换后很快在2.56 THz获得饱和出光。另外针对实验频段无法覆盖到1～2 THz的问题，我们通过波导内壁粗糙度进行分析判断，提出采用14 mm铜材质的全波导FEL振荡器的设计方案，采用该方案后，实验成功将辐射频段拓展到0.7～4.2 THz，获得饱和输出。