High-precision angle measurement of pulsars is critical for realizing pulsar navigation. Compared to visible light and radio waves, the wavelength of X-rays is incredibly short, which provides the possibility of achieving better spatial resolution. However, due to the lack of applicable X-ray apparatus, extracting the angle information of pulsars through conventional X-ray methods is challenging. Here, we propose an approach of pulsar angle measurement based on spatially modulated X-ray intensity correlation (SMXIC), in which the angle information is obtained by measuring the spatial intensity correlation between two radiation fields. The theoretical model for this method has been established, and a proof-of-concept experiment was carried out. The SMXIC measurement of observing angles has been demonstrated, and the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical values. The potential of this method in future applications is discussed, and theoretically, the angular measurement at the level of micro-arcsecond can be expected. The sphere of pulsar navigation may benefit from our fresh insights.

基于面向对象的C++语言研制三维柱坐标共形网格生成程序，对束-场互作用器件作共形网格剖分，为粒子模拟算法提供积分线元、面元。通过定义三维柱坐标网格体系如网格步长、网格索引、守护网格层、包围盒等数据，使模型的空间信息能转换成柱坐标网格信息。将轴上网格单元作特殊处理，使粒子模拟算法形式在轴上网格和在非轴上网格上保持一致。利用射线跟踪法得到属于模型子面、模型棱边的离散边界点，接着通过拓扑关系获得模型的顶点，保存上述三类离散边界点的拓扑信息和网格信息。将构建的基础网格元与边界点信息耦合，在离散网格体系中重构模型。用该共形网格剖分技术对相对论磁控管进行剖分，能够识别该磁控管的透明阴极、阳极和谐振腔等结构。

应用三维MC程序和PIC程序，对神光装置辐照下腔体内系统电磁脉冲（SGEMP）模型进行了耦合模拟。在半高宽为2.9 ns、平均能量为10.3 keV的轫致谱X射线点源辐照下，圆柱腔内电场最大值高达2 MV/m，以轴向电场为主；磁场最大值约为0.8×10⁻³ T，以角向磁场为主，电磁场最大值都集中在发射面附近，以脉冲直流场为主，交流辐射场幅度较小，约在kV/m量级。考察了注量对SGEMP效应的影响，注量越高，电场沿轴向变化越快，交流辐射场占比越大。

为实现包装盒纸质基底层和透明膜层缺陷的同步检测，开展了对纸和膜缺陷的同步成像研究。首先，分别建立了标准球面积分光场、椭球面积分光场和弧面积分光场模型，并利用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6对3类光场进行射线仿真，对比分析了球面积分光场下射线角度均匀性及辐照均匀性，通过正交仿真优化椭球面积分光场参数；其次，在椭球面积分光场环境、亮场前打光环境、暗场前打光环境下对包装盒成像。与此同时，对包装盒的油污、抵触、开口、泡皱、破损5项常见缺陷依次进行物理检测和机器视觉检测，验证缺陷成像的有效性。试验结果表明，在椭球面积分光场下成像，图像对纸质基底层缺陷特征、透明膜层缺陷特征均有较好的呈现效果，图像上油污、抵触、开口、泡皱、破损的物理检出率分别为96.2%、92.5%、100%、95%、92%，异常检出率分别为98.6%、97.5%、100%、100%、98.4%，缺陷类别检出率分别为97.6%、96%、100%、97%、96%。研究结果表明，椭球面积分光场光路角度和辐照强度均匀，覆透明膜包装盒的缺陷特征呈现清晰，满足工业生产的检测要求。