High-precision angle measurement of pulsars is critical for realizing pulsar navigation. Compared to visible light and radio waves, the wavelength of X-rays is incredibly short, which provides the possibility of achieving better spatial resolution. However, due to the lack of applicable X-ray apparatus, extracting the angle information of pulsars through conventional X-ray methods is challenging. Here, we propose an approach of pulsar angle measurement based on spatially modulated X-ray intensity correlation (SMXIC), in which the angle information is obtained by measuring the spatial intensity correlation between two radiation fields. The theoretical model for this method has been established, and a proof-of-concept experiment was carried out. The SMXIC measurement of observing angles has been demonstrated, and the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical values. The potential of this method in future applications is discussed, and theoretically, the angular measurement at the level of micro-arcsecond can be expected. The sphere of pulsar navigation may benefit from our fresh insights.

为了满足便携式辐射测量仪同时测量X、γ和中子辐射场的需求，设计基于LaBr₃（Ce）晶体、硅酸锂铝（Lithium Aluminum Silicate Oxygen，LASO）型中子探测器、高量程盖革-米勒（Geiger-Muller，GM）计数管的便携式多功能辐射检测仪。对LaBr₃晶体输出的光信号经光电倍增管光电转换后，采用一体化数字多道进行数据采集处理及运算，对中子探测器和GM管计数器分别设计前置信号处理电路，并对其进行放大、甄别、整形等处理。最后将LaBr₃探测器处理的数字信号以TTL（Transistor-Transistor Logic）串口形式传输给ARM（Advanced RISC Machine）处理器，将中子探测器和GM计数管成形后的脉冲信号接入到ARM外部计数端口。ARM对LaBr₃探测器采集的γ数据进行能谱显示、低剂量率测量，对中子探测器、高量程GM管计数器分别进行定时计数，通过计数率换算成剂量率进行显示。该便携式多功能辐射检测仪可实现宽量程γ、低能X射线和中子剂量率的同时测量以及LaBr₃能谱仪的核素识别，并通过USB接口将数据上传到PC端。