Phase-change material (PCM) is widely used in thermal management due to their unique thermal behavior. However, related research in thermal rectifier is mainly focused on exploring the principles at the fundamental device level, which results in a gap to real applications. Here, we propose a controllable thermal rectification design towards building applications through the direct adhesion of composite thermal rectification material (TRM) based on PCM and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogel to ordinary concrete walls (CWs). The design is evaluated in detail by combining experiments and finite element analysis. It is found that, TRM can regulate the temperature difference on both sides of the TRM/CWs system by thermal rectification. The difference in two directions reaches to 13.8 K at the heat flow of 80 W/m². In addition, the larger the change of thermal conductivity before and after phase change of TRM is, the more effective it is for regulating temperature difference in two directions. The stated technology has a wide range of applications for the thermal energy control in buildings with specific temperature requirements.

利用卫星遥感反演水体中的悬浮物浓度对水质监测和保护具有重要意义，在悬浮物浓度反演过程中，如何避免或最大程度降低水体中叶绿素a、有色可溶性有机物（Colored Dissolved Organic Matter，CDOM）的干扰是当前的技术难点。文章针对可持续发展科学卫星1号（SDGSAT-1）MII传感器，利用Hydrolight辐射传输模型，从理论上挖掘只与悬浮物强相关的反演因子，以此构建适用于MII影像的太湖悬浮物浓度反演模型，通过水体的实测数据和遥感数据对模型应用效果进行验证。结果表明：反演因子$ R'{\text{(}}{B_{\text{5}}}{\text{/}}{B_{\text{3}}}{\text{)}} $与悬浮物浓度为强相关，同时与叶绿素a、CDOM浓度弱相关；利用$ R'{\text{(}}{B_{\text{5}}}{\text{/}}{B_{\text{3}}}{\text{)}} $作为反演因子构建的幂函数模型为最优反演模型；将幂函数模型分别应用于实测数据和2022年5月4日的太湖SDGSAT-1 MII数据，两次验证试验显示反演结果和现场测量结果具有较强一致性，模型适用性较好。该研究可为SDGSAT-1卫星在湖泊水体悬浮物浓度监测、水资源评估与保护等提供一些技术参考。

A designed visual geometry group (VGG)-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model with small computational cost and high accuracy is utilized to monitor pulse amplitude modulation-based intensity modulation and direct detection channel performance using eye diagram measurements. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can achieve a high accuracy in jointly monitoring modulation format, probabilistic shaping, roll-off factor, baud rate, optical signal-to-noise ratio, and chromatic dispersion. The designed VGG-based CNN model outperforms the other four traditional machine-learning methods in different scenarios. Furthermore, the multitask learning model combined with MobileNet CNN is designed to improve the flexibility of the network. Compared with the designed VGG-based CNN, the MobileNet-based MTL does not need to train all the classes, and it can simultaneously monitor single parameter or multiple parameters without sacrificing accuracy, indicating great potential in various monitoring scenarios.

An optical micro/nanofiber (MNF) is a quasi-one-dimensional free-standing optical waveguide with a diameter close to or less than the vacuum wavelength of light. Combining the tiny geometry with high-refractive-index contrast between the core and the surrounding, the MNF exhibits favorable optical properties such as tight optical confinement, strong evanescent field, and large-diameter-dependent waveguide dispersion. Meanwhile, as a quasi-one-dimensional structure with extraordinarily high geometric and structural uniformity, the MNF also has low optical loss and high mechanical strength, making it favorable for manipulating light on the micro/nanoscale with high flexibility. Over the past two decades, optical MNFs, typically being operated in single mode, have been emerging as a miniaturized fiber-optic platform for both scientific research and technological applications. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the representative advances in optical MNFs in recent years. Starting from the basic structures and fabrication techniques of the optical MNFs, we highlight linear and nonlinear optical and mechanical properties of the MNFs. Then, we introduce typical applications of optical MNFs from near-field optics, passive optical components, optical sensors, and optomechanics to fiber lasers and atom optics. Finally, we give a brief summary of the current status of MNF optics and technology, and provide an outlook into future challenges and opportunities.

Spatial light modulators, as dynamic flat-panel optical devices, have witnessed rapid development over the past two decades, concomitant with the advancements in micro- and opto-electronic integration technology. In particular, liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) technologies have been regarded as versatile tools for generating arbitrary optical fields and tailoring all degrees of freedom beyond just phase and amplitude. These devices have gained significant interest in the nascent field of structured light in space and time, facilitated by their ease of use and real-time light manipulation, fueling both fundamental research and practical applications. Here we provide an overview of the key working principles of LC-SLMs and review the significant progress made to date in their deployment for various applications, covering topics as diverse as beam shaping and steering, holography, optical trapping and tweezers, measurement, wavefront coding, optical vortex, and quantum optics. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the potential opportunities and technical challenges in this rapidly developing field.

由于聚集诱导猝灭效应（ACQ）的存在极大地限制了碳点（CDs）在固态领域的应用，本文采用环保、低成本的一步溶剂热法制备了一类氮/硫掺杂具有高荧光量子产率（PLQY）和AIE效应的新型CDs（G?CDs），并对其结构和光学性质进行了分析和表征。G?CDs在溶液中表现出蓝色发射（λ=400 nm），而在聚集状态或粉末态下则表现为绿色发射（λ=500 nm），并测得粉末的PLQY为48.6%。随着水的浓度增加，G?CDs发生聚集荧光发射红移，证实了CDs的AIE特性。基于这种独特的双发射特点和AIE效应，G?CDs在信息加密、油墨印刷和发光照明方面具有重要的应用潜力。