Flexible dielectric materials with environmental-friendly, low-cost and high-energy density characteristics are in increasing demand as the world steps into the new Industrial 4.0 era. In this work, an elastomeric nanocomposite was developed by incorporating two components: cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and recycled alum sludge, as the reinforcement phase and to improve the dielectric properties, in a bio-elastomer matrix. CNF and alum sludge were produced by processing waste materials that would otherwise be disposed to landfills. A biodegradable elastomer polydimethylsiloxane was used as the matrix and the nanocomposites were processed by casting the materials in Petri dishes. Nanocellulose extraction and heat treatment of alum sludge were conducted and characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. When preparing the nanocomposite samples, various amount of alum sludge was added to examine their impact on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Results have shown that it could be a sustainable practice of reusing such wastes in preparing flexible, lightweight and miniature dielectric materials that can be used for energy storage applications.Flexible dielectric materials with environmental-friendly, low-cost and high-energy density characteristics are in increasing demand as the world steps into the new Industrial 4.0 era. In this work, an elastomeric nanocomposite was developed by incorporating two components: cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and recycled alum sludge, as the reinforcement phase and to improve the dielectric properties, in a bio-elastomer matrix. CNF and alum sludge were produced by processing waste materials that would otherwise be disposed to landfills. A biodegradable elastomer polydimethylsiloxane was used as the matrix and the nanocomposites were processed by casting the materials in Petri dishes. Nanocellulose extraction and heat treatment of alum sludge were conducted and characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. When preparing the nanocomposite samples, various amount of alum sludge was added to examine their impact on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Results have shown that it could be a sustainable practice of reusing such wastes in preparing flexible, lightweight and miniature dielectric materials that can be used for energy storage applications.

锌基可降解生物材料与已被广泛研究的生物可降解材料(镁和铁)相比, 具有更合适的生物降解速率, 因而近年来受到了广泛的研究和关注。然而, 锌在模拟体液中的长期腐蚀降解行为尚不明确。本研究采用电化学腐蚀测试、表面化学成分分析及降解模式演变观察相结合的方法, 系统研究了锌在林格氏液中浸泡56 d的腐蚀演化过程。根据电化学结果显示, 锌的腐蚀速率P_i在浸泡过程中基本保持稳定, 约为0.06~0.10 mm/a; 失重法测定腐蚀速率为0.3 mm/a到0.5 mm/a。浸泡过程中生成的腐蚀产物主要为Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆和CaCO₃, 为较致密的细条花棒状和块状产物层, 且随着浸泡时间延长逐渐累积。去除腐蚀产物后发现, 样品表面出现较严重的局部腐蚀, 且腐蚀沟槽的尺寸随浸泡时间的延长而增大, 浸泡42 d腐蚀沟槽宽约为10 μm。本研究为锌基可降解生物材料后期表面改性及潜在生物医学应用提供了数据积累和研究基础。

激光粉末床熔融(L-PBF)能够精确高效地制备复杂结构,适用于目前主流的医用金属材料,可赋予骨科植入物定制化的宏观微观结构,快速响应个性化的临床治疗需求,最大程度地适应骨缺损部位的生理环境并加快骨修复重建进程。本文从生物材料、结构设计和制造工艺角度出发,全面评述了激光粉末床熔融制备金属骨科植入物的发展现状,重点对钛合金和钽合金等不可降解金属以及镁合金和锌合金等可降解金属的激光粉末床熔融工艺特性及力学性能进行了比较分析,并对该技术在骨科植入物制备领域的未来发展进行了展望。

以激光精密加工金属血管心脏支架生产工艺为基础，探索了可降解心脏支架的飞秒激光精密加工方式。利用飞秒激光的超短脉冲和超高峰值功率的特性，实现了以聚乳酸(PLA) 为材料的可降解心脏支架的激光精密加工。设计了椅形衬套，稳定了激光焦斑位置，分析得出了最佳衬套离焦距用于配合飞秒激光精密加工。通过调试工艺参量，解决了由于材料本身特性引起的切缝边缘易炭化和加工过程中由于离焦量和焦斑位置准确度不稳定导致不能精密加工的问题，实现了对非金属可降解心脏支架的无热精密加工。说明了飞秒激光配合椅形衬套加工非金属血管支架的可行性，确定了最佳加工参量，加工出了无热损伤切边光滑筋宽一致性为±6 μm的可降解心脏支架样品。