掺稀土激光玻璃是光纤激光器的核心工作介质，如何定量计算预测激光玻璃的光学光谱特性是加快高性能激光玻璃研发的挑战之一。本文以掺铥（Tm³⁺）二元锗酸盐激光玻璃为例，将相图中的“一致熔融化合物”视为玻璃的组成/结构“基元”，基于掺Tm³⁺基元玻璃的物理和光谱性质的实验值利用杠杆规则计算预测了锗酸盐激光玻璃相应的性质，如密度、折射率、有效线宽、吸收/发射截面、辐射寿命、增益带宽等。结果表明，物理性质和光谱特性的预测值与实验值吻合度较高，预测误差绝对值分别小于4.61%和9.66%。此外，该方法能够准确预测掺Tm³⁺锗酸盐玻璃的物理性质和光谱特性随组分的变化趋势，包括线性规律和“锗反常”现象，有助于解析激光玻璃组成?结构?性质的内在关联。本研究有望为激光玻璃的性质预测和成分设计提供指导。

This paper investigates the monolithic edge-cladding process for the elliptical disk of N31-type Nd-doped phosphate laser glass, which will be utilized under liquid cooling conditions for high-power laser systems. The thermal stress, interface bubbles and residual reflectivity, which are due to high-temperature casting and bonding during the monolithic edge-cladding process, are simulated and determined. The applied mould is optimized to a rectangular cavity mould, and the casting temperature is optimized to 1000°C. The resulting lower bubble density makes the mean residual reflectivity as low as 6.75 × 10^-5, which is enough to suppress the amplified spontaneous emission generated in the Nd-glass disk, and the resulting maximum optical retardation is converged to 10.2–13.3 nm/cm, which is a favourable base for fine annealing to achieve the stress specification of less than or equal to 5 nm/cm. After fine annealing at the optimized 520°C, the maximum optical retardation is as low as 4.8 nm/cm, and the minimum transmitted wavefront peak-to-valley value is 0.222 wavelength (632.8 nm). An N31 elliptical disk with the size of 194 mm × 102 mm × 40 mm can be successfully cladded by the optimized monolithic edge-cladding process, whose edge-cladded disk with the size of 200 mm × 108 mm × 40 mm can achieve laser gain one-third higher than that of an N21-type disk of the same size.

非对称结构光子晶体光纤应用广泛。其良好的偏振特性、灵活的色散调控能力以及低限制损耗品质，对于优化与改善偏振光纤器件、非线性光学光纤、光通信光纤、光纤传感器等性能发挥着关键的作用。选用高折射率铋锗镓激光玻璃为材料，设计了八边形阵列、矩形晶格排列的光子晶体光纤，纤芯缺陷区包层及外包层均为圆形空气孔。模拟实验数据显示，结构参数为M=0.5，0.6时，在波长为1.55 μm处的双折射系数分别为1.16×10⁻²和1.33×10⁻²；在近红外波段短波区，矩形晶格结构光子晶体光纤的色散范围分别在±30 ps·nm⁻¹·km⁻¹之间及−18～32 ps·nm⁻¹·km⁻¹之间。色散斜率较低，曲线具有零色散点，展现了良好的连续谱调控能力；在1.00～1.90 μm波段内，当M=0.5，0.6时，光纤限制损耗稳定在10⁻⁷～10⁻⁹ dB·km⁻¹之间；在1.55 μm处，限制损耗测量值分别为2.32×10⁻⁷和1.62×10⁻⁸ dB·km⁻¹。

稀土的发光和激光性能都是由其4f电子在不同能级之间的跃迁产生的。由于稀土离子的独特性能，使得稀土掺杂光功能玻璃无论作为主动还是被动元器件，均在高功率激光系统发挥着重要作用。掺钕磷酸盐激光玻璃和掺铒磷酸盐激光玻璃，具有高稀土离子掺杂浓度、大尺寸和高均匀制备特性，分别是1 um和1.5 um人眼安全波段重频-大能量激光器的重要增益介质材料；光致热折变玻璃及体光栅器件，可实现波长选择和模式选择功能，具有衍射效率高、热稳定性好和抗损伤阈值高等特点，是高功率激光系统中重要的、多功能元器件。文中主要介绍了上海光机所最近几年在掺钕磷酸盐激光玻璃，掺铒磷酸盐激光玻璃以及掺铈的光致热折变玻璃及体光栅器件的研究进展。

This work presents a brief introduction on three kinds of newly developed $\text{Nd}^{3+}$-doped laser glasses in Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), China. Two $\text{Nd}^{3+}$-doped phosphate glasses with lower thermal expansion coefficient and thermal shock resistance 4 times higher than that of N31 glass are developed for laser processing. Nd:Silicate and Nd:Aluminate glasses with peak emission wavelength at 1061 and 1065 nm, effective emission bandwidth of 34 and 50 nm, respectively, are developed for Exawatt-class laser system application. Fluorophosphate glasses with low nonlinear refractive index ($n_{2}=0.6{-}0.86$) and long fluorescence lifetime ($430{-}510~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{s}$) are investigated for the purpose of decreasing B integral in high-power laser system. The properties of all these glasses are presented and compared with those of commercial neodymium laser glasses.