微结构光纤(MOF)在结构和性能上的优越性引起了国内外光纤研究人员的广泛兴趣,成为光电子学领域的前沿热点,并得到了快速发展。MOF根据结构可分为实芯MOF和空芯MOF,根据传输机理可分为全内反射型MOF、光子带隙型MOF和反谐振MOF等多种类型,在激光技术、光传感技术、光通信技术、光电子集成和光纤器件等领域具有重要应用。本文综述了MOF的发展历程,并对MOF的种类、传输机理、结构设计和拉制进行了全面分析和归纳,为未来MOF的研究及应用提供借鉴。

与无机半导体光波导相比, 有机聚合物光波导具有易于加工和方便集成的明显优势。总结了有机聚合物光波导的研究现状, 包括聚合物光波导材料的分类和制备。重点总结了聚合物平面波导和聚合物微结构光纤波导的应用现状。对聚合物光波导的前景进行了展望, 并提出了一些建议。

提出了一种基于纵向微结构光纤的分布式压力传感方案,该方案同时采用波长编码与频率编码技术,实现了单根光纤上的准分布式压力测量,具有实现大容量复用、高空间分辨率和高精度测量的潜力。采用硫化硅橡胶聚合物材料对光纤进行封装,使纵向微结构光纤的压力灵敏度提升至1.032×10-3相对波长变化/MPa,是裸光纤光栅压力灵敏度的500多倍。构建了包含6个光纤微结构的单纤传感系统,并进行了分布式压力测试实验,实验结果显示出很好的线性度和较高的测量精度。该传感方案具有长距离、高分辨率测压(HRM)的潜力,可广泛运用于土木结构健康监测、管道泄漏监控、人体体内压力分布式传感等工程领域中。

A simple and compact optical fiber directional bending vector sensor with simultaneous measurement of temperature based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device consists of a piece of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sandwiched between two single mode fibers (SMFs) with a lateral offset splicing. It shows the capacity for recognizing positive and negative directions. Within a curvature range of ?7.13 m^-1 to 7.13 m^-1, the bending sensitivities of two resonant dips with opposite fiber orientations are obtained to be 0.484 nm/m^-1 and 0.246 nm/m^-1, respectively. This simple MZI is formed by invoking interference between LP₀₁ and LP₂₁ core modes, which leads to that the sensor is not sensitive to ambient refractive index (ARI). The temperature sensitivity has also been investigated. Two dips have obviously different sensitivities on the temperature and bending, so two parameters of both curvature and temperature can be distinguished and measured simultaneously by constructing a matrix and using one simple model interferometer.

硫系玻璃具有极宽的红外透射范围、极高的线性和非线性折射率。近年来，硫系玻璃光纤由于其红外超连续(SC)谱在传感、安全与**方面的潜在应用价值，引起了极大的关注。回顾了硫系玻璃光纤中产生SC 谱的研究历程，包括硫系微结构光纤SC 谱输出、硫系拉锥光纤SC 谱输出以及硫系光纤结构设计，指出了研究中存在的问题，并对其发展前景进行了展望。

比较了关于光子晶体光纤的水平论述和关于靶向设计的极宽频带三包层单模光纤的观点。基于宏观麦克斯韦方程建立物理模型，提出了靶向设计方法。估算了极宽频带三包层单模光纤批量生产可以接受的公差。研究了服务于宽带中国国家战略的极宽频带光纤和极宽带通信系统。讨论了我国光纤产业的三项目标。

Suspended core fiber tapers with different cross sections (with diameters from 70 μm to 120 μm) are produced by filament heating. Before obtaining the taper, the spectral behavior of the suspended core fiber is a multimode interference structure. When the taper is made, an intermodal interference between a few modes is observed. This effect is clearly visible for low taper core dimensions. Since the core and cladding do not collapse, two taper regions exist, one in the core and the other in the cladding. The cladding taper does not affect the light transmission, only the core is reduced to a microtaper. The spectral response of the microtaper based-suspended core fiber is similar to a beat of two interferometers. The strain is applied to the microtaper, and with the reduction in the transverse area, an increase in sensitivity is observed. When the taper is immersed in a liquid with a different index of refraction or subjected to temperature variations, no spectral change occurs.

This paper reviews high temperature sensing applications based on fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by use of femtosecond laser. Type II fiber Bragg gratings fabricated in the silica fiber can sustain up to 1200 ℃ while that fabricated in the sapphire fiber have the good thermal stability up to 1745 ℃.

探索了新型聚合物传像光纤的制备方法。阐述了传像光纤中的光线传输理论及光纤设计理论，为传像光纤的研制提供理论指导。借助聚合物微结构光纤制作技术，在正六边形聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微结构光纤预制棒的孔洞内填充高折射率的聚苯乙烯(PS)纤维，形成一次预制棒，热拉伸后熔并再拉伸，研制出直径为0.22 mm，单丝直径为3 μm的超高分辨率传像光纤。经过测试，该传像光纤可以分辨10 μm的微刻度。探索用直径为0.25 mm的特制PMMA芯/氟塑料包层光纤经过一步排列堆积制作传像光纤预制棒，拉伸制成直径为2 mm，7200 pixel，单丝直径为20 μm的传像光纤。实验发现，吸附于光纤表面的灰尘对传像光纤的结构和图像质量有严重影响。