Near-infrared (NIR) light has shown great potential for military and civilian applications owing to its advantages in the composition of sunlight, invisibility to human eyes, deeper penetration into biological tissues, and low optical loss in optical fibers. Therefore, organic optoelectronic materials that can absorb or emit NIR light have aroused great scientific interest in basic science and practical applications. Based on these NIR organic optoelectronic materials, NIR optoelectronic devices have been greatly improved in performance and application. In this review, the representative NIR organic optoelectronic materials used in organic solar cells, organic photodetectors, organic light-emitting diodes, organic lasers, and organic optical waveguide devices are briefly introduced, and the potential applications of each kind of device are briefly summarized. Finally, we summarize and take up the development of NIR organic optoelectronic materials and devices.

由于量子限制效应，自组装半导体单量子点具有类似于原子的分立能级，可实现高不可分辨、高亮度和高纯度的单光子发射，其多种激子态能够产生不同偏振模式的光子。而光学微纳结构是调控量子点发光性质的有效手段，当单个量子点与光学微腔发生弱耦合时，Purcell效应将大大提高量子点作为单光子源或纠缠光子对源的性能。同时，量子点与光学微腔的强耦合系统可以作为量子光学网络中的量子节点，以及用于研究单光子水平的光学非线性效应。利用量子点与光学波导的耦合可实现固态量子比特和飞行光子比特的相干转换，以及高效的信息处理与传输，由此构建可靠的片上光学网络。此外，单量子点还具有可操控的自旋态，可作为量子比特的载体。考虑到量子点器件的制备过程易与成熟的半导体技术相结合，基于量子点的器件设计具有良好的可扩展性和集成化潜力。

文章针对具有实际使用价值的多层光波导计算了有损耗波导准横电（Quasi-TE）模、准横磁（Quasi-TM）模有效折射率与横电/横磁（TE/TM）模电磁场曲线分布。计算了6层损耗波导TE/TM模式，分析了多层波导模式的有效射折率和电磁场曲线分布与波导结构的内在关系，并且利用有效折射率法完成Quasi-TE/TM模式的有效折射率计算，得到了TM模式有效折射率与模式阶数非单调递减、损耗波导模式更为丰富等结论。文章的研究工作可以为实际光波导器件设计、制作及应用提供理论基础。

This paper presents the development of a bioinspired multifunctional flexible optical sensor (BioMFOS) as an ultrasensitive tool for force (intensity and location) and orientation sensing. The sensor structure is bioinspired in orb webs, which are multifunctional devices for prey capturing and vibration transmission. The multifunctional feature of the structure is achieved by using transparent resins that present both mechanical and optical properties for structural integrity and strain/deflection transmission as well as the optical signal transmission properties with core/cladding configuration of a waveguide. In this case, photocurable and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resins are used for the core and cladding, respectively. The optical transmission, tensile tests, and dynamic mechanical analysis are performed in the resins and show the possibility of light transmission at the visible wavelength range in conjunction with high flexibility and a dynamic range up to 150 Hz, suitable for wearable applications. The BioMFOS has small dimensions (around 2 cm) and lightweight (0.8 g), making it suitable for wearable application and clothing integration. Characterization tests are performed in the structure by means of applying forces at different locations of the structure. The results show an ultra-high sensitivity and resolution, where forces in the μN range can be detected and the location of the applied force can also be detected with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution. Then, the BioMFOS is tested on the orientation detection in 3D plane, where a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 is obtained when compared with a gold-standard inertial measurement unit (IMU). Furthermore, the device also shows its capabilities on the movement analysis and classification in two protocols: finger position detection (with the BioMFOS positioned on the top of the hand) and trunk orientation assessment (with the sensor integrated on the clothing). In both cases, the sensor is able of classifying the movement, especially when analyzed in conjunction with preprocessing and clustering techniques. As another wearable application, the respiratory rate is successfully estimated with the BioMFOS integrated into the clothing. Thus, the proposed multifunctional device opens new avenues for novel bioinspired photonic devices and can be used in many applications of biomedical, biomechanics, and micro/nanotechnology.This paper presents the development of a bioinspired multifunctional flexible optical sensor (BioMFOS) as an ultrasensitive tool for force (intensity and location) and orientation sensing. The sensor structure is bioinspired in orb webs, which are multifunctional devices for prey capturing and vibration transmission. The multifunctional feature of the structure is achieved by using transparent resins that present both mechanical and optical properties for structural integrity and strain/deflection transmission as well as the optical signal transmission properties with core/cladding configuration of a waveguide. In this case, photocurable and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resins are used for the core and cladding, respectively. The optical transmission, tensile tests, and dynamic mechanical analysis are performed in the resins and show the possibility of light transmission at the visible wavelength range in conjunction with high flexibility and a dynamic range up to 150 Hz, suitable for wearable applications. The BioMFOS has small dimensions (around 2 cm) and lightweight (0.8 g), making it suitable for wearable application and clothing integration. Characterization tests are performed in the structure by means of applying forces at different locations of the structure. The results show an ultra-high sensitivity and resolution, where forces in the μN range can be detected and the location of the applied force can also be detected with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution. Then, the BioMFOS is tested on the orientation detection in 3D plane, where a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 is obtained when compared with a gold-standard inertial measurement unit (IMU). Furthermore, the device also shows its capabilities on the movement analysis and classification in two protocols: finger position detection (with the BioMFOS positioned on the top of the hand) and trunk orientation assessment (with the sensor integrated on the clothing). In both cases, the sensor is able of classifying the movement, especially when analyzed in conjunction with preprocessing and clustering techniques. As another wearable application, the respiratory rate is successfully estimated with the BioMFOS integrated into the clothing. Thus, the proposed multifunctional device opens new avenues for novel bioinspired photonic devices and can be used in many applications of biomedical, biomechanics, and micro/nanotechnology.

Femtosecond laser inscription or writing has been recognized as a powerful technique to engineer various materials toward a number of applications. By efficient modification of refractive indices of dielectric crystals, optical waveguides with diverse configurations have been produced by femtosecond laser writing. The waveguiding properties depend not only on the parameters of the laser writing but also on the nature of the crystals. The mode profile tailoring and polarization engineering are realizable by selecting appropriate fabrication conditions. In addition, regardless of the complexity of crystal refractive index changes induced by ultrafast pulses, several three-dimensional geometries have been designed and implemented that are useful for the fabrication of laser-written photonic chips. Some intriguing devices, e.g., waveguide lasers, wavelength converters, and quantum memories, have been made, exhibiting potential for applications in various areas. Our work gives a concise review of the femtosecond laser-inscribed waveguides in dielectric crystals and focuses on the recent advances of this research area, including the fundamentals, fabrication, and selected photonic applications.

为了提高偏振分束器的消光比，利用混合等离子体波导和条形介质波导之间的非对称定向耦合特性，设计了由两个尺寸不同的硅波导和一个中间输入混合等离子体波导组成的偏振分束器，采用三维时域有限差分法对偏振分束器的结构和性能进行优化。实验结果表明：混合等离子体波导中TE和TM模式的双折射率对比通过介质加载波导增强，可获得超紧凑的结构，实验耦合长度仅有4.6 μm；在1.55 μm的中心波长处，TE模式的偏振消光比为-38.9 dB，插入损耗为0.5 dB，TM模式的消光比为-34.7 dB，插入损耗为0.45 dB，设计的偏振分束器具有高消光比；在波导制作公差范围内，模式的插入损耗小于2.8 dB，消光比低于-22.5 dB。

基于光波波动效应，采用光束传播法，设计了光程匹配波导、阵列波导光栅、相位调制器以及多模干涉耦合器等光子集成器件。在此基础上，对光子集成器件进行耦合特性分析与计算，设计了完整的光子集成芯片。通过对光子集成干涉系统各组成模块的分析、研究及优化，集成化设计了光子集成干涉探测系统电子样机。结果表明：设计的光子集成器件最小损耗为0.07 dB，光子集成芯片损耗为7.46 dB。光子集成干涉探测系统电子样机在等效口径为110 mm，系统高度口径比为1∶4时，具有视场角0.5 °，100 km处空间分辨率5 m的技术指标。

We report efficient generation of 671 nm red light based on quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation of 1342 nm in LiNbO₃ waveguides. The design method and fabrication process of the high-quality annealed proton-exchanged periodically poled channel waveguides were presented. A continuous-wave 1.71 mW red light was obtained with a single-pass conversion efficiency of 47%·W^-1·cm^-2, which is 88% that of the theoretical value. While for 1 mW quasi-continuous-laser input, the corresponding peak power being 2 W, the conversion efficiency reached up to 60%. Our results indicate that the annealed proton-exchanged periodically poled LiNbO₃ waveguide is promising for high-efficiency and low power consumption nonlinear generation of visible light.