皮肤疾病是一种较为常见的人类疾病，其检测与诊断十分重要。传统的检测方法因医师主观影响和皮肤创伤问题不利于对皮肤病作出准确高效的判断，故皮肤成像技术逐渐被用于辅助诊断。光声成像技术作为一种新兴的成像方式，结合了光学成像的高对比度和超声成像的深穿透优势，逐渐被人们所关注。本文针对光声皮肤成像技术进行了回顾与总结，按照成像方式对光声皮肤成像系统进行了分类与归纳，从重构算法提升角度总结了现有的性能提升方法与策略。此外，按照皮肤病类别探讨了当前光声皮肤成像技术的临床应用，验证了光声皮肤成像技术的发展前景与潜力。最后针对现有方法的缺点与限制，对未来光声皮肤成像技术的发展方向和关键环节进行了设想与讨论。

乳腺癌早期筛查、精准诊断、有效治疗是提高患者生存率的重要因素，而影像学是筛查、诊断、治疗评估的主要手段。基于现有的影像技术，乳腺临床诊治流程虽然已逐步规范化，但在高效灵敏筛查、无创精准诊断以及治疗监测评估等方面仍存在核心局限。例如，传统的医学影像技术存在诊断特异性低、成像速度慢、使用电离辐射或注射造影剂等局限，仍存在重大临床诉求。光声成像作为一项新兴的医学影像技术，可以与传统技术形成优势互补，提供快速（如10~15 s完成全乳腺扫描）、高分辨率、信息丰富的医学影像。其光学对比度和声学分辨率使之具备揭示肿瘤微环境结构、功能、分子细节特征的能力。本文简述了光声成像的技术原理和主要设计形态，概述并评价了乳腺肿瘤筛查、诊断和治疗评估领域的代表性光声成像研究。最后讨论了光声成像在乳腺临床上的应用前景，其有望成为继钼靶、超声、核磁共振之后的“第四大”乳腺成像技术。

Elastography can be used as a diagnostic method for quantitative characterization of tissue hardness information and thus, differential changes in pathophysiological states of tissues. In this study, we propose a new method for shear wave elastography (SWE) based on laser-excited shear wave, called photoacoustic shear wave elastography (PASWE), which combines photoacoustic (PA) technology with ultrafast ultrasound imaging. By using a focused laser to excite shear waves and ultrafast ultrasonic imaging for detection, high-frequency excitation of shear waves and noncontact elastic imaging can be realized. The laser can stimulate the tissue with the light absorption characteristic to produce the thermal expansion, thus producing the shear wave. The frequency of shear wave induced by laser is higher and the frequency band is wider. By tracking the propagation of shear wave, Young’s modulus of tissue is reconstructed in the whole shear wave propagation region to further evaluate the elastic information of tissue. The feasibility of the method is verified by experiments. Compared with the experimental results of supersonic shear imaging (SSI), it is proved that the method can be used for quantitative elastic imaging of the phantoms. In addition, compared with the SSI method, this method can realize the noncontact excitation of the shear wave, and the frequency of the shear wave excited by the laser is higher than that of the acoustic radiation force (ARF), so the spatial resolution is higher. Compared to the traditional PA elastic imaging method, this method can obtain a larger imaging depth under the premise of ensuring the imaging resolution, and it has potential application value in the clinical diagnosis of diseases requiring noncontact quantitative elasticity.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a noninvasive emerging imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect, which provides necessary assistance for medical diagnosis. It has the characteristics of large imaging depth and high contrast. However, limited by the equipment cost and reconstruction time requirements, the existing PAI systems distributed with annular array transducers are difficult to take into account both the image quality and the imaging speed. In this paper, a triple-path feature transform network (TFT-Net) for ring-array photoacoustic tomography is proposed to enhance the imaging quality from limited-view and sparse measurement data. Specifically, the network combines the raw photoacoustic pressure signals and conventional linear reconstruction images as input data, and takes the photoacoustic physical model as a prior information to guide the reconstruction process. In addition, to enhance the ability of extracting signal features, the residual block and squeeze and excitation block are introduced into the TFT-Net. For further efficient reconstruction, the final output of photoacoustic signals uses ‘filter-then-upsample’ operation with a pixel-shuffle multiplexer and a max out module. Experiment results on simulated and in-vivo data demonstrate that the constructed TFT-Net can restore the target boundary clearly, reduce background noise, and realize fast and high-quality photoacoustic image reconstruction of limited view with sparse sampling.

巨噬细胞作为炎症阶段的主要吞噬细胞，其高表达是急性呼吸道炎症发展过程的临床特征之一。目前还没有一种成像方法能够以深组织穿透性和高分辨率的方式呈现巨噬细胞在急性炎症中的表达。以吲哚菁绿纳米颗粒（Nano-ICG）作为一种高效的光声成像（PAI）增强造影剂，评估了急性呼吸道炎症中巨噬细胞的表达量。激光共聚焦显微镜下的成像效果证实，Nano-ICG能够快速地被巨噬细胞吞噬。利用Nano-ICG增强光声成像效果后，气管内的PAI结果显示了巨噬细胞在炎症后气管壁上的分布区域。Nano-ICG增强的光声成像能够无创、定量地评估急性呼吸道炎症的发展程度，有望为呼吸疾病相关基础研究和临床诊疗提供新的影像技术支持。

光声成像（PAI）是一种结合了光学成像高对比度和超声成像深穿透性的生物医学成像模态，近年来得到了迅速发展。其中，光声显微成像（PAM）作为光声成像的重要实现方式之一，可以在毫米级的成像深度上实现微米级甚至百纳米级的分辨率，能够实现对生物组织结构、功能和分子的高分辨率成像，已在临床诊断、皮肤病检测和眼科等领域得到广泛应用。首先对PAM的工作原理和实现方式等进行基本介绍，之后围绕便携式PAM技术，从手持与半手持式、脑部可穿戴式及集成多模态3方面对其研究进展进行综述，随后探讨便携式PAM技术面临的挑战，最后进行总结与展望。

光声显微成像（PAM）是一种具有无损、多功能、高分辨率等特点的生物医学成像技术，通过检测光声信号进行图像重建可实现高分辨率和高深度的结构和功能成像，在生命科学、基础医学和医疗诊断中发挥着越来越重要的作用。首先概述光声显微技术的发展背景和原理特点，然后对利用光学增强、声学增强、人工智能增强及光学与声学互补的光声显微成像术促进成像性能提升的方法进行论述，最后讨论当前光声显微技术在生物医学研究中的广泛应用，并对未来技术的发展趋势进行展望。

针对光声光谱系统本底噪声限制问题，以圆柱形声共振器作为研究对象，开展了双共振腔光声池设计，并将共振光声光谱和差分探测原理相结合，建立了一套基于近红外半导体激光器的高灵敏度激光光谱气体探测系统。以空气中的水汽（H₂O）分子作为检测对象，结合高灵敏度波长调制二次谐波探测方法，对建立的差分式共振光声光谱系统进行了理论分析和实验评估。艾伦方差分析结果显示，系统可实现几个10^-6量级水汽分子浓度的高灵敏度检测。相较于传统单通道光声探测模式，所提出的差分探测式共振光声光谱探测技术可有效提升系统的稳定性和检测灵敏度，最佳信号平均时间可提高2倍。