在高温环境中对人体降温以保持舒适性是很重要的。近年来，辐射制冷织物通过红外光学性能的设计，能够在不消耗能量的情况下将人体的热量尽可能散出去，为实现在室内和室外场景中的人体降温提供了新的机会。与室内可控热环境不同，室外热环境的特点是太阳辐照强度强，因此，在将人体热量尽可能散出去的同时还需阻止太阳热量的输入。基于室内和室外热环境的差异，分别从室内和室外应用场景的角度介绍了辐射制冷织物的设计策略，并综述了其发展情况，最后对辐射制冷织物的未来发展方向进行了展望。

Efficient thermal radiation in the mid-infrared (M-IR) region is of supreme importance for many applications including thermal imaging and sensing, thermal infrared light sources, infrared spectroscopy, emissivity coatings, and camouflage. The ability to control light makes metasurfaces an attractive platform for infrared applications. Recently, different metamaterials have been proposed to achieve high thermal radiation. To date, broadening the radiation bandwidth of a metasurface emitter (meta-emitter) has become a key goal to enable extensive applications. We experimentally demonstrate a broadband M-IR thermal emitter using stacked nanocavity metasurface consisting of two pairs of circular-shaped dielectric (Si3N4)-metal (Au) stacks. A high thermal radiation can be obtained by engineering the geometry of nanocavity metasurfaces. Such a meta-emitter provides wideband and broad angular absorptance of both p- and s-polarized light, offering a wideband thermal radiation with an average emissivity of more than 80% in the M-IR atmospheric window of 8-14 μm. The experimental illustration together with the theoretical framework establishes a basis for designing broadband thermal emitters, which, as anticipated, will initiate a promising avenue to M-IR sources.

近年来，随着超材料研究的发展，中红外波段的吸波超表面得到了快速发展，其应用潜力也不断被发掘。本文首先介绍了不同类型的中红外吸波超表面及其工作机理，然后回顾了在热辐射源、热隐身和探测器等应用中吸波超表面的应用方式和优势，最后总结现有的挑战并对将来的发展进行了展望。

尺寸小、成本低和寿命长的非制冷热红外成像光谱仪对探测高温目标有巨大潜力，但其严重的内部噪声会降低检测灵敏度。非制冷热红外成像光谱仪主要的噪声包括探测器噪声、光机元件表面散射杂光引起的噪声、光栅非工作级次产生的杂光噪声和光机元件自身的背景辐射噪声。推导了包含上述噪声的噪声等效温差（NETD）公式，以Offner型热红外成像光谱仪为例，分析NETD与系统F数和机械元件内表面光学属性等主要影响因素之间的关系，研究了光机表面抛亮处理在抑制光谱仪内部背景辐射噪声方面的能力。最后，采用像元间线性关系法扣除了剩余的噪声，使探测信号与目标本身信号基本一致。