The purpose of the present work is to construct a reaction board based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) that could be used for estimation of the 2D coordinates of the projection of center of gravity (CG) of an object. The apparatus is consisted of a rigid equilateral triangular board mounted on three supports at the vertices, two of which have cantilevers instrumented with FBGs. When an object of known weight is placed on the board, the bending strain of the cantilevers is measured by a proportional wavelength shift of the FBGs. Applying the equilibrium conditions of a rigid body and proper calibration procedures, the wavelength shift is used to estimate the vertical reaction forces and moments of force at the supports and the coordinates of the object’s CG projection on the board. This method can be used on a regular basis to estimate the CG of the human body or objects with complex geometry and density distribution. An example is provided for the estimation of the CG projection coordinates of two orthopaedic femur bone models, one intact, and the other with a hip stem implant encased. The clinical implications of changing the normal CG location by means of a prosthesis have been discussed.

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the influences of pressure and temperature on the birefringence property of side-hole fibers with different shapes of holes using the finite element analysis method. A physical mechanism of the birefringence of the side-hole fiber is discussed with the presence of different external pressures and temperatures. The strain field distribution and birefringence values of circular-core, rectangular-core, and triangular-core side-hole fibers are presented. Our analysis shows the triangular-core side-hole fiber has low temperature sensitivity which weakens the cross sensitivity of temperature and strain. Additionally, an optimized structure design of the side-hole fiber is presented which can be used for the sensing application.

In this paper, we propose a point spread function (PSF) reconstruction method and joint maximum a posteriori (JMAP) estimation method for the adaptive optics image restoration. Using the JMAP method as the basic principle, we establish the joint log likelihood function of multi-frame adaptive optics (AO) images based on the image Gaussian noise models. To begin with, combining the observed conditions and AO system characteristics, a predicted PSF model for the wavefront phase effect is developed; then, we build up iterative solution formulas of the AO image based on our proposed algorithm, addressing the implementation process of multi-frame AO images joint deconvolution method. We conduct a series of experiments on simulated and real degraded AO images to evaluate our proposed algorithm. Compared with the Wiener iterative blind deconvolution (Wiener-IBD) algorithm and Richardson-Lucy IBD algorithm, our algorithm has better restoration effects including higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and Laplacian sum (LS) value than the others. The research results have a certain application values for actual AO image restoration.

We propose a three-layer waveguide sensor. The proposed sensor consists of a graphene thin layer with constant conductivity at the interface between air and dielectric media with thickness d sitting above a nonlinear layer. The sensitivity of the sensor is derived from the dispersion equation. The sensitivity is calculated for both TE0 and TE1. Results show that the sensitivity of the proposed sensor depends on the conductivity of the graphene layer, the angular frequency, and the thickness of the dielectric layer.

Conventionally, high dynamic-range (HDR) imaging is based on taking two or more pictures of the same scene with different exposure. However, due to a high-speed relative motion between the camera and the scene, it is hard for this technique to be applied to push-broom remote sensing cameras. For the sake of HDR imaging in push-broom remote sensing applications, the present paper proposes an innovative method which can generate HDR images without redundant image sensors or optical components. Specifically, this paper adopts an area array CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) with the digital domain time-delay-integration (DTDI) technology for imaging, instead of adopting more than one row of image sensors, thereby taking more than one picture with different exposure. And then a new HDR image by fusing two original images with a simple algorithm can be achieved. By conducting the experiment, the dynamic range (DR) of the image increases by 26.02dB. The proposed method is proved to be effective and has potential in other imaging applications where there is a relative motion between the cameras and scenes.

In this work, a gas sensor is fabricated from polycrystalline nickel cobaltite nano films deposited on transparent substrates by closed-field unbalanced dual-magnetrons (CFUBDM) co-sputtering technique. Two targets of nickel and cobalt are mounted on the cathode of discharge system and co-sputtered by direct current (DC) argon discharge plasma in presence of oxygen as a reactive gas. The total gas pressure is 0.5 mbar and the mixing ratio of Ar:O2 gases is 5:1. The characterization measurements performed on the prepared films show that their transmittance increases with the incident wavelength, the polycrystalline structure includes 5 crystallographic planes, the average particle size is about 35nm, the electrical conductivity is linearly increasing with increasing temperature, and the activation energy is about 0.41eV. These films show high sensitivity to ethanol vapor.

The intrusion events in the optical fiber pre-warning system (OFPS) are divided into two types which are harmful intrusion event and harmless interference event. At present, the signal feature extraction methods of these two types of events are usually designed from the view of the time domain. However, the differences of time-domain characteristics for different harmful intrusion events are not obvious, which cannot reflect the diversity of them in detail. We find that the spectrum distribution of different intrusion signals has obvious differences. For this reason, the intrusion signal is transformed into the frequency domain. In this paper, an energy ratio feature extraction method of harmful intrusion event is drawn on. Firstly, the intrusion signals are pre-processed and the power spectral density (PSD) is calculated. Then, the energy ratio of different frequency bands is calculated, and the corresponding feature vector of each type of intrusion event is further formed. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier is used to identify the harmful intrusion events in the paper. Experimental results show that the algorithm improves the recognition rate of the intrusion signal, and further verifies the feasibility and validity of the algorithm.

In some applications in structural health monitoring (SHM), the acoustic emission (AE) detection technology is used in the high temperature environment. In this paper, a high-temperature-resistant AE sensing system is developed based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. A novel high temperature FBG AE sensor is designed with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with the traditional FBG AE sensor. The output responses of the designed sensors with different sensing fiber lengths also are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Excellent AE detection results are obtained using the proposed FBG AE sensing system over a temperature range from 25℃ to 200℃. The experimental results indicate that this FBG AE sensing system can well meet the application requirement in AE detecting areas at high temperature.

The status detection for rotating parts is difficult since the sensor is influenced by the rotation in the inflammable, explosive, and strong magnetic environment. Based on the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, this paper studies the influence of the natural frequency and deformation of a rotor blade affected by the size of crack in the blade. Test results show that the speed of the equipment and blade excited vibration frequency are two main factors or deformation and vibration frequency of the blade. With an increase in the crack depth, the blade deformation is increased while the stimulated natural frequency of the blade is decreased; at a low rotational speed, the deformation is mainly caused by the rotating speed of the blade. On the contrary, the vibration blade itself contributes to the deformation at a high speed. During the process of full speed rotation, the influence of the rotational speed on the blade deformation almost remains the same, and the influence of the natural vibration on blade deformation is increased with an increase in the rotational speed.

In this study, we present speed and displacement measurements of micro-fluid in a hollow-core optical fiber, where an optical interference signal is created by two guided beams reflected at a fixed facet and a moving fluid end. By counting the number of intensity oscillations of the signal, the movement of the fluid end is successfully traced with high accuracy. Furthermore, we could detect the change in curvature diameters of the fluid end depending on the flow direction by monitoring the visibility of the interference signal.

A recent study shows that the titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film synthesised by a chemical bath deposition technique is a very useful material for the X-ray radiation sensor. In this work, we reported the influence of annealing on the X-ray radiation detection sensitivity of the TiO2 film. The films were annealed at 333K, 363K, 393K, 473K, and 573K for 1hour. Structural analyses showed that the microstrain and dislocation density decreased whereas the average crystallite size increased with annealing. The band gap of the films also decreased from 3.26eV to 3.10eV after annealing. The I-V characteristics record under the dark condition and under the X-ray irradiation showed that the conductivity increased with annealing. The influence of annealing on the detection sensitivity was negligible if the bias voltage applied across the films was low (within 0.2V . 1.0V). At higher bias voltage (>1.0V), the contribution of electrons excited by X-ray became less significant which affected the detection sensitivity.

In this work, nanostructured silicon dioxide films are deposited by closed-field unbalanced direct-current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering technique on two sides of quartz cells containing rhodamine B dye dissolved in ethanol with 10.5M concentration as a random gain medium. The preparation conditions are optimized to prepare highly pure SiO2 nanostructures with a minimum particle size of about 20nm. The effect of SiO2 films as external cavity for the random gain medium is determined by the laser-induced fluorescence of this medium, and an increase of about 200% in intensity is observed after the deposition of nanostructured SiO2 thin films on two sides of the dye cell.

In order to achieve rotation angle measurement, one novel type of miniaturization fiber Bragg grating (FBG) rotation angle sensor with high measurement precision and temperature self-compensation is proposed and studied in this paper. The FBG rotation angle sensor mainly contains two core sensitivity elements (FBG1 and FBG2), triangular cantilever beam, and rotation angle transfer element. In theory, the proposed sensor can achieve temperature self-compensation by complementation of the two core sensitivity elements (FBG1 and FBG2), and it has a boundless angel measurement range with 2πrad period duo to the function of the rotation angle transfer element. Based on introducing the joint working processes, the theory calculation model of the FBG rotation angel sensor is established, and the calibration experiment on one prototype is also carried out to obtain its measurement performance. After experimental data analyses, the measurement precision of the FBG rotation angle sensor prototype is 0.2. with excellent linearity, and the temperature sensitivities of FBG1 and FBG2 are 10 pm/℃ and 10.1 pm/℃, correspondingly. All these experimental results confirm that the FBG rotation angle sensor can achieve large-range angle measurement with high precision and temperature self-compensation.