Author Affiliations
Abstract
1  Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics University of Dayton, USA
2  School of Physics University of Witwatersrand, South Africa

Recently there is an increasing interest in tailored optical fields with complex amplitude, phase and polarization spatial distributions, as well as specifically designed temporal waveforms. Scalar optical vortices carrying orbital angular momentum and vectorial vortices such as radially and azimuthally polarized beams are among the most intensively studied examples. Comprehensive summaries of earlier developments can be found in several recent articles and edited books, e.g., by Zhan (Adv. Opt. Photon.1, 1, 20091943-8206), Padgett (Adv. Opt. Photon.3, 161, 20111943-8206 ), Forbes (Adv. Opt. Photon.8, 200, 20161943-8206), Zhan (Vectorial Optical Fields, World Scientific Publishing, 2013), and Forbes (Laser Beam Propagation, CRC Press, 2014), while applications of these complex optical fields in promising areas continue to emerge. To capture the latest developments in this important emerging field of optics, it is our pleasure to introduce the Chinese Optics Letters Special Issue on the Complex Optical Fields with contributions from scientists around the world who are active in this field.

Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030001
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Tübingen 72076, Germany
2 University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, UKE Microscopy Imaging Facility, Hamburg 20246, Germany
We show the power of spirally polarized doughnut beams as a tool for tuning the field distribution in the focus of a high numerical aperture (NA) lens. Different and relevant states of polarization as well as field distributions can be created by the simple turning of a λ/2 retardation wave plate placed in the excitation path of a microscope. The realization of such a versatile excitation source can provide an essential tool for nanotechnology investigations and biomedical experiments.
180.1790 Confocal microscopy 170.6900 Three-dimensional microscopy 260.5430 Polarization 
Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030013
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Optical Networking and Sensing Department, NEC Laboratories America, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
2 School of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Remotely sensing an object with light is essential for burgeoning technologies, such as autonomous vehicles. Here, an object’s rotational orientation is remotely sensed using light’s orbital angular momentum. An object is illuminated by and partially obstructs a Gaussian light beam. Using an SLM, the phase differences between the partially obstructed Gaussian light beam’s constituent OAM modes are measured analogous to Stokes polarimetry. It is shown that the phase differences are directly proportional to the object’s rotational orientation. Comparison to the use of a pixelated camera and implementation in the millimeter wave regime are discussed.
280.4788 Optical sensing and sensors 280.3420 Laser sensors 260.6042 Singular optics 080.4865 Optical vortices 140.3295 Laser beam characterization 
Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030012
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2 Photonics Group, Merchant Venturers School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
Light fields with extraordinary propagation behaviors, such as nondiffracting and self-bending, are useful in the optical delivery of energy, information, and even objects. A kind of helical beam is constructed here based on the caustic method. With the appropriate design, the main lobe of these helical beams can be both well-confined and almost nondiffracting, while moving along a helix with its radius, period, number of rotations, and main lobes highly adjustable. In addition, the peak intensity of the main lobe fluctuates below 15% during propagation. These promising characteristics may enable a variety of potential applications based on these beams.
070.2580 Paraxial wave optics 070.7345 Wave propagation 080.1510 Propagation methods 
Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030011
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, USA
2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
3 Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
4 Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, USA
5 The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and TEDA Applied Physical Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
We design and demonstrate new types of optical tweezers with lateral pulling forces that allow full control of biological samples with complex geometric shapes. With appropriate beam shaping, the dual tug-of-war tweezers effectively hold and stretch elongated biological objects of different sizes, and the triangular tug-of-war tweezers with threefold rotational symmetry steadily hold asymmetric objects in the plane of observation and exert stretching forces along three directions. We successfully apply these tweezers to manipulate microparticles and bacterial cells in aqueous media.
350.4855 Optical tweezers or optical manipulation 140.3300 Laser beam shaping 170.0170 Medical optics and biotechnology 
Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030010
Han Li 1,3Xin Huang 1,7Qian Cao 1,4,6Yun Zhao 1[ ... ]Andy Chong 1,2,*
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
2 Department of Physics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
3 Image Sensor Group, ON Semiconductor, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
4 Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22607, Germany
5 Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg 22607, Germany
6 Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
7 Intelligent Robot System Department, SIASUN Robot & Automation Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110168, China
We generate and measure the versatile vortex linear light bullet, which combines a high-order Bessel beam and an Airy pulse. This three-dimensional optical wave packet propagates without distortion in any medium, while carrying an orbital angular momentum. Its non-varying feature in linear propagation is verified by a three-dimensional measurement. Such a novel versatile linear light bullet can be useful in various applications such as micromachining.
320.7090 Ultrafast lasers 320.7100 Ultrafast measurements 
Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030009
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
In this Letter, an effective method using a mode selective coupler (MSC), which is composed of a three-core fiber is presented to generate optical vortices (OVs). The conversions of OVs with different topological charges, 0±1 and 0±3, are simulated in detail. We also prove that a higher-order topological charge can be obtained simply by changing the parameters of the fiber to increase the number of modes in the fiber. The polarization of OVs can be controlled as well.
060.2310 Fiber optics 060.5060 Phase modulation 230.2285 Fiber devices and optical amplifiers 050.4865 Optical vortices 
Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030008
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen University & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2 Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology of the Education Ministry of China, Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
3 Ultrafast Laser Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Technical Science of Ministry of Education, College of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
4 College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Femtosecond (fs) cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) have found use in many applications in recent years. However, the existing rigid generation methods seriously limit its development. Here, we propose a flexible method for generating fs-CVBs with arbitrary polarization order by employing half wave plates and vortex retarders. The polarization state, autocorrelation width, pulse width, and spectrum features of the input and generated CVB pulses are measured and compared. The results verify that the generated CVBs remain in the fs regime with no appreciable temporal distortion, and the energy conversion efficiency can reach as high as 96.5%, even for a third-order beam. As a flexible way to generate fs-CVBs, this method will have great significance for many applications.
260.5430 Polarization 320.2250 Femtosecond phenomena 
Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030007
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
We investigate the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) properties of light beams carrying orbit angular momentum (OAM). The phase conjugation of light beams carrying OAM is experimentally achieved in an SBS mirror with a random phase plate. The spectrum and the pulse width compression of SBS light are measured. It is shown that the phenomena of pulse compression is observed and OAM conservation is confirmed in the SBS process. The OAM transfer from photons to phonons may find potential applications in photon-phonon conversion-based signal-processing schemes by using OAM multiplexing.
290.5900 Scattering, stimulated Brillouin 190.5040 Phase conjugation 050.4865 Optical vortices 
Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030006
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Tailored complex optical fields, may find applications in optical manipulation, imaging, microscopy, quantum information processing, and optical communications. Here, we focus on data information transfer for optical communications using complex optical fields. We review recent research progress in complex optical field modulation, multiplexing, and multicasting for data information transfer on different platforms of waveguides, free space, and fiber. Challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
060.4510 Optical communications 050.4865 Optical vortices 060.4080 Modulation 060.4230 Multiplexing 
Chinese Optics Letters
2017, 15(3): 030005

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