随着生物医学研究对复杂组织结构和功能的深入探索，高分辨率、高信噪比的深组织成像技术变得愈加重要。传统的显微镜技术往往局限于二维、透明的生物薄样本的观测，这在很大程度上无法满足当前生物医学领域对三维深组织体成像的研究需求。光片荧光显微镜凭借其低光损伤、高采集速率、大视场、体成像等优点被生物学家广泛使用。然而，生物组织固有的高散射特性仍然为深层成像带来了巨大的挑战。本文重点介绍了光片荧光显微成像技术在深组织成像领域的最新进展，特别是应对高散射样本挑战的解决策略，旨在为相关领域的研究人员提供有价值的参考，助力其对该前沿技术的最新进展和应用前景的理解。首先，阐述了光片荧光显微镜的基本原理和高散射吸收特性的形成原因及影响；然后，进一步阐明了增加组织穿透深度、应对光散射和吸收等问题的最新进展；最后，探讨了具有大穿透深度和强抗散射能力的光片荧光显微成像技术的发展前景以及潜在应用。

As biomedical research delves deeper into the intricacies of tissue structure and function, the demand for high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise-ratio deep-tissue imaging technologies has become critical. Traditional microscopy, limited to two-dimensional, transparent thin biological samples, falls short in satisfying the current requirements for three-dimensional deep-tissue imaging in biomedical sciences. In contrast, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy distinguishes itself through its attributes—low photodamage, rapid acquisition, extensive field of view, and volumetric imaging—establishing it as a cornerstone among biologists. Despite these advantages, the intrinsic high-scattering characteristics of biological tissues pose formidable challenges to achieving deep imaging. This review focuses on recent progress in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for deep tissue imaging, emphasizing strategies that overcome challenges associated with high-scattering samples, so as to provide valuable insights to researchers in related fields, assisting them in developing a preliminary comprehension of the latest innovations and future possibilities inherent in this cutting-edge technology. Firstly, the basic principles of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and the causes and effects of high-scattering absorption characteristics are explained. Subsequently, recent progress in enhancing tissue penetration depth and addressing issues such as light scattering and absorption is further examined. Finally, the development prospects and potential applications of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging technology with high penetration depth and anti-scattering ability are discussed.