红外探测技术在激光测距、成像、遥感、夜视等领域有重要应用，降低红外光电探测器的尺寸、重量、功耗和成本，以及提高探测器的性能是目前的研究重点。本文综述了红外探测器技术的发展历程、工作原理及研究现状并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。内容主要涵盖基于碲镉汞、Ⅱ类超晶格、量子阱、量子点、硅基锗锡等材料的光子型红外光电探测器及其阵列。红外系统成本降低最终取决于在常温条件下耗尽电流限探测器阵列像素密度是否与系统光学元件的背景极限和衍射极限性能匹配，选择HgCdTe、Ⅱ类超晶格和胶体量子点等材料可提高光子探测器室温性能。各种红外探测器在性能方面各具特色，在实际应用中互为补充。

Infrared detection technology has important applications in laser ranging, imaging, remote sensing, night vision and other fields. It is the focus of research to reduce the size, weight, power consumption and cost of infrared photodetectors, and to improve the performance of the detectors. This article summarizes the development history, working principle and researche status of infrared detector technology, and prospects its future direction. The content mainly covers photonic infrared photodetectors and their arrays based on mercury cadmium telluride, type II superlattices, quantum wells, quantum dots, silicon-based germanium tin and other materials. The cost reduction of infrared systems ultimately depends on the consumption under normal temperature conditions. Whether the pixel density of the current limit detector array matches the background limit and diffraction limit performance of the optical elements of the system, materials such as HgCdTe, type II superlattices and colloidal quantum dots are selected to improve the room temperature performance of the photon detector. Various infrared detectors have their own characteristics in terms of performance and complement each other in practical applications.