为提高三维打印技术制备M2高速钢刀具材料的力学性能及改善微观组织，促进金属刀具材料三维打印技术的发展，采用激光选区熔化技术，在不同基板材料和铺粉速度下制备M2高速钢试样。对试样力学性能以及微观组织进行表征与观察。结果表明：与M2高速钢基板相比，316L不锈钢基板的热膨胀系数高约57.27%，热导率低17.28%，制备过程中产生的热应力显著降低并且冷却缓慢使残余应力释放更充分，因此采用316L不锈钢基板更有利于成型M2高速钢试样。铺粉速度减小，打印过程中实时热处理时间将大大增长，这导致材料硬度略有下降但微观组织更加致密，裂纹、孔隙等缺陷减少，拉伸强度升高。经试验得到的试样洛氏硬度最高可达（58.97±0.28）HRC，拉伸强度能够达到（937±118）MPa。微观组织呈现网状结构且其中存在大量马氏体柱状晶，针宽小于1 μm，主要物相有α-Fe、马氏体、奥氏体以及MC型碳化物。

This study aims to improve the mechanical properties and microstructure of M2 high-speed steel tool materials prepared using three-dimensional printing technology and promote the development of three-dimensional printing technology for metal tool materials. M2 high-speed steel samples were prepared using laser selective melting under different substrate materials and powder feeding speeds. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the samples were characterized and observed. The results show that the thermal expansion coefficient of 316L stainless steel substrate is about 57.27 % higher than that of M2 high-speed steel substrate. The thermal conductivity of 316L stainless steel substrate is 17.28 % lower than that of M2 high speed steel substrate, which reduces the thermal stress produced during the preparation process. Remaining stress is released more fully with slow cooling. Therefore, 316L stainless steel substrate is conducive to forming M2 high-speed steel samples. With the decrease of powder feeding speed, the real-time heat treatment time in the printing process will be greatly increased, which leads to a slight decrease in the hardness of the material but a more compact microstructure, a decrease in cracks, pores, and other defects, and an increase in the tensile strength. The Rockwell hardness of the sample obtained by the experiment is up to (58.97 ± 0.28) HRC, and the tensile strength can reach (937 ± 118) MPa. The microstructure presents a network structure with many martensite columnar crystals, and the needle width is less than 1 μm. The main phases include α-Fe, austenite, martensite, and MC carbides.