锂金属凭借其质量比容量高、电极电位低, 有望成为新一代高能电池体系最有潜力的负极材料之一。然而, 在循环过程中不可控的锂枝晶生长、死锂的形成, 以及体积膨胀等问题, 不仅会降低电池循环过程中的稳定性, 甚至引发安全隐患, 严重限制了锂金属负极的实际应用。3D集流体在缓解/抑制锂金属负极在循环过程中的体积变化、延缓锂枝晶生长、降低局部电流密度,以及提高库仑效率等方面起着重要作用。然而, 在实际过程中, 单纯的3D集流体使用性能并不理想, 需要对其进一步改性。本文从表面改性(表面包覆、表面掺杂、表面化学处理)和梯度化设计出发, 综述了3D集流体在锂金属电池中的应用研究进展, 并详细分析了其对锂金属电池的性能影响, 最后进行了总结和展望。

Owing to its high mass specific capacity and low electrode potential, lithium metal is expected to become one of the most potential anode materials for the new generation of high-energy battery systems. However, the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites, formation of dead lithium, and volume expansion during the cycling process not only reduce the stability in the process of cell cycle, but also cause potential safety hazard, severely restrict the practical application of the lithium metal anode. 3D current collectors play important roles in mitigating/inhibiting the volume change of lithium metal anode, delaying the growth of lithium dendrite, reducing the local current density and improving the Coulomb efficiency. However, in the actual process, the performance of the primitive one is not ideal and further modification is needed. Based on surface modification (surface coating, surface doping, surface chemical treatment) and gradient design, the research progress of 3D current collector in lithium metal battery is reviewed in this paper. The influences of lithium ion on the performance of lithium metal battery are analyzed in detail. Finally, a summary and prospect are given.