采用一维振荡激光对3 mm厚5A06铝合金锁底接头进行焊接, 分析振荡幅度、振荡频率、焊接速度以及离焦量对焊缝气孔率的影响。结果表明, 随着振荡幅度和离焦量的增大, 气孔率明显降低; 随着振荡频率的增大, 气孔率先降低后升高, 最佳振荡频率区间为150~250 Hz; 随着焊接速度增大, 气孔率先升高后降低; 气孔率与深宽比大致成指数式增长关系, 深宽比小于1.5时, 可将气孔率控制在5%以内。在此基础上, 得到优化工艺参数, 焊接产品模拟件, 焊缝气孔率满足相关标准Ⅰ级要求。

5A06 aluminum alloy bottom-locking joint with a thickness of 3 mm was welded by beam one-dimensional weaving laser. The influence of beam weaving width, beam weaving frequency, welding speed, and beam defocusing distance on porosity rate of the weld were analyzed. The results show that as the beam weaving width and beam defocusing distance increase, the porosity rate decreases significantly. As the beam weaving frequency increases, the porosity rate firstly decreases and then increases. The best beam weaving frequency range is from 150 Hz to 250 Hz. As the welding speed increases, the porosity rate firstly increases and then decreases. The porosity rate and depth-to-width ratio of the weld are generally exponential growth relationships. The porosity rate can be controlled within 5% when the depth-to-width ratio of the weld is less than 1.5. On the basis of porosity analysis, the optimization process specification was obtained. By using this specification, the product sample was welded, and the porosity rate of the weld meet the Class I requirements of the relevant standard.