为增强304不锈钢表面性能，利用激光熔覆技术在其表面制备了TiC颗粒增强Fe基复合涂层，研究了激光功率对涂层几何特征、组织特征及硬度的影响规律和原因，引入灰关联分析综合表征熔覆层的组织特征，并推测出激光熔覆过程中TiC颗粒的熔解机制。结果表明，随激光功率的增加，熔覆层高度、气孔率、未熔TiC颗粒含量降低，宽度、深度、稀释率、析出TiC的二次枝晶臂间距增加，析出TiC含量先增加后降低、基体的二次枝晶臂间距先降低后升高且在1800 W时分别达到最高和最低。当激光功率为1800 W时，熔覆层表面成形良好，其组织特征均衡发展且灰关联度达到最大，平均硬度为801.5 HV_0.5，达到基体的4.5倍左右。另外，TiC颗粒在激光熔覆中共有两种熔解机制，其特征分别为由外向内和整体分解，两种机制共同作用导致TiC颗粒的完全熔解。

Laser cladding technology was used to prepare TiC particle-reinforced Fe-based composite coatings on 304 stainless steel to improve its surface properties. The effects and reasons of laser power on the geometrical microstructure characteristics and hardness of the cladding layer were investigated. The microstructure characteristics of the cladding layer were comprehensively characterized by grey relational analysis. The height, porosity, and content of unmelted TiC particles reduced as laser power rose, whereas the width, depth, dilution rate, and secondary dendrite arm spacing of precipitated TiC increased. The amount of precipitated TiC increased and then decreased, whereas the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the matrix decreased and then increased, reaching their maximum and lowest points at 1800 W, respectively. The surface of the cladding layer is well-formed when the laser power reaches 1800 W. It has a well-balanced microstructure and the grey relational grade is maximum. The cladding layer has an average hardness of 801.5 HV_0.5, which is roughly 4.5 times that of the substrate. In addition, the dissolving mechanisms of TiC particles during the laser cladding process were deduced. There are two dissolving mechanisms for TiC particles, which are distinguished by outward-inward and integral decomposition. Both processes work together to cause TiC particles to dissolve completely.