为阐明异种钢激光填丝焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响, 以不等厚板2 mm 45钢和6 mm 316L不锈钢为试验材料, 采用激光填丝焊接方法进行焊接, 研究不同对接间隙下的焊缝成形以及焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明, 随着对接间隙的增加, 余高逐渐减小, 焊缝形貌从钉子形向H形过渡, 随着对接间隙变大, 焊缝形成缺陷。焊缝中心硬度随着对接间隙的增加而减小, 焊接接头硬度最高处位于45钢热影响区。焊接接头的抗拉强度随着对接间隙的增加先增大后减小。在对接间隙为0.6 mm时, 表面形貌良好且抗拉强度最高, 焊接试验断裂位置在2 mm 45钢一侧。

This paper clarifies the effect of laser wire filler welding process parameters of dissimilar steel on weld formation. Using 2 mm 45 steel of unequal thickness and 6 mm 316L stainless steel as the test materials, the laser wire filling welding method was used for welding, and the welding seam formation and the mechanical properties of the welded joint were studied with different butt gaps. The results show that with the increase of the butt gap, the residual height gradually decreases, and the weld morphology transitions from nail-shaped to H-shaped. As the butt gap increases, defects are formed in the weld. The hardness of the weld center decreases with the increase of the butt gap, and the highest hardness of the welded joint is located in the heat-affected zone of 45 steel. The tensile strength of the welded joint firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of the butt gap. When the butt gap is 0.6 mm, the surface morphology is good and the tensile strength is the highest, and the fracture position of the welding test is on the 2mm45 steel side.