光纤传感器以其尺寸小、易于组网、本征抗电磁干扰等优势，有望在海洋观测领域成为一种辅助的测量手段。近年来围绕着物理海洋观测领域的光纤传感技术研究受到了科研人员的广泛关注。本文按测量对象和测量原理分类，着重介绍了基于光纤光栅的海水温度传感器、海水盐度传感器和海水压力传感器，基于多芯光纤的海水盐度传感器，基于Michelson和Mach-Zehnder干涉式的海水盐度传感器，基于F-P腔的海水压力传感器，基于谐振、耦合技术的新型光纤海洋温盐深传感器，以及基于热耗散和湍动能耗散两种原理的光纤湍流传感器；分析了各种传感器的测量方法与实验结果，并指出技术上的优缺点。最后，展望了光纤传感器在物理海洋观测领域的发展前景。

Fiber optic sensors are expected to become an auxiliary measurement method in the field of ocean observation due to their small size, easy networking, and intrinsic resistance to electromagnetic interference. Recently, the research of optical fiber sensing technology in the field of physical ocean observation has received broad attention from scientific researchers. According to the different classifications of measurement objects and principles, this article focuses on the seawater temperature, salinity, and pressure sensors based on fiber grating, the seawater salinity sensor based on multi-core fiber, and the interferometer based on Michelson and Mach-Zehnder. Seawater salinity and pressure sensors based on Fabry-Perot cavity, new optical fiber ocean temperature and salt depth sensor based on resonance and coupling technology, and fiber optic turbulence sensor based on two principles of heat and turbulent energy dissipation. This article analyzes the measurement methods and experimental results of various sensors and highlights the technical advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the development of optical fiber sensors in the field of physical ocean observation has prospects.