介绍了时空锁模的基本原理和时空锁模的理论模型−吸引子解剖。从空间结构和全光纤结构两方面介绍了近年来国内外在时空锁模光纤激光器方面的研究进展，包括激光腔型的改进、输出性能的提升和实时动力学的观测等。最后分析了目前时空锁模激光器的优势和不足，并对其发展方向进行了展望：时空锁模激光器在产生高功率超短脉冲方面有着巨大的优势，但输出光斑质量差在一定程度上限制了它的实际应用；利用时空自相似演化、波前整形等技术提升光束质量将是未来时空锁模激光器的发展方向。

This paper introduces the basic principle of spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) and the theoretical model of STML—attractor dissection. It presents the recent research progress about STML fiber laser from two aspects of spatial optical structures and all-fiber structures, including the improvement of laser cavity type, the enhancement of output performance, and the observation of real-time dynamics, etc. The advantage and insufficiency of the current STML laser are analyzed, and the development direction is forecasted: STML laser possesses great potential in generating high-power and ultrashort pulse, but to some extent, the poor quality of output modes hinders its application; improving the beam quality by self-similar evolution, wavefront shaping, etc. will be the direction to develop STML laser in the future.